CIPS Procurement and Supply in Practice - L4M8 模擬練習
What is depreciation and deterioration?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
When an organization want to purchase an asset, it considers the depreciation and deterioration in the whole life of the asset and how it will be manage.
Depreciation is the reduction in value of a tangible and a fixed asset over time. The purpose of calculating the depreciation of the asset is to give the organization a fair and current view of what the asset is worth at a particular time. Depreciation is a way of converting the cost of an asset into an expense over a period of time.
Depreciation is a permanent feature listed against an asset throughout its life time and it based on wear and tear, reduction in performance and reduction in value.
Deterioration is the process of something becoming lower in quality or performance. The longer the asset can last without deteriorating the better value the asset represents.
Explanation:
When an organization want to purchase an asset, it considers the depreciation and deterioration in the whole life of the asset and how it will be manage.
Depreciation is the reduction in value of a tangible and a fixed asset over time. The purpose of calculating the depreciation of the asset is to give the organization a fair and current view of what the asset is worth at a particular time. Depreciation is a way of converting the cost of an asset into an expense over a period of time.
Depreciation is a permanent feature listed against an asset throughout its life time and it based on wear and tear, reduction in performance and reduction in value.
Deterioration is the process of something becoming lower in quality or performance. The longer the asset can last without deteriorating the better value the asset represents.
Think of a supply chain with which you are familiar and distinguish between the primary, second-ary and tertiary sector organization within it.
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Supply chain involves a network of individuals, organizations, technology activities and resources to make sure goods or services flow along the chain. If one point fails, every part further along the chain fails.
Fullpower projects (a flour manufacturer) supply chain begins with producers (raw materials, wheat farmers), suppliers, manufactures, distributors, retailers and end users (customer).
Fullpower projects supply chain falls within the primary sector (producers of wheat), the secondary sector include the manufacturing (those that converts the wheat the suppliers brings into flour) and tertiary sector (the distributor those that takes the wheat to the end users).
Explanation:
Supply chain involves a network of individuals, organizations, technology activities and resources to make sure goods or services flow along the chain. If one point fails, every part further along the chain fails.
Fullpower projects (a flour manufacturer) supply chain begins with producers (raw materials, wheat farmers), suppliers, manufactures, distributors, retailers and end users (customer).
Fullpower projects supply chain falls within the primary sector (producers of wheat), the secondary sector include the manufacturing (those that converts the wheat the suppliers brings into flour) and tertiary sector (the distributor those that takes the wheat to the end users).
What is the method of monitoring suppliers?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
When a contract has been awarded, either is to meet tangible needs or intangible needs, contractors or suppliers should be managed to ensure that they are meeting up with fulfilling their contractual agreement. To establish this, there are methods of managing contracts and suppliers.
Service level agreement (SLA) clauses: is placed in contract to ensures that supplier meets the expected and agreed level of service Key performance indicator (KPI): are used to manage contracts that fulfill tangible needs, the KPIs are set performance thresholds that are used to monitor supplier's performance.
Management by objectives (MBO): is the process of defining objective that are strategic to the organization relating them to the vision and mission and communicating them to the supplier through the contract and ensuring that this objective is met during contract performance.
Reviews: Regular supplier reviews are good practices, for it gives the buyer opportunity to give feedback on performance.
Continuous Improvement: Contracts and suppliers can be monitored through how they are chang-ing for better incrementally as they are fulfilling the schedule. There must be a set down system to timely improve on the process, people and continuously reduce waste.
Training: It is essential that training, are provided to come up on areas supplier is lacking.
* Refer to the question column for response
Explanation:
When a contract has been awarded, either is to meet tangible needs or intangible needs, contractors or suppliers should be managed to ensure that they are meeting up with fulfilling their contractual agreement. To establish this, there are methods of managing contracts and suppliers.
Service level agreement (SLA) clauses: is placed in contract to ensures that supplier meets the expected and agreed level of service Key performance indicator (KPI): are used to manage contracts that fulfill tangible needs, the KPIs are set performance thresholds that are used to monitor supplier's performance.
Management by objectives (MBO): is the process of defining objective that are strategic to the organization relating them to the vision and mission and communicating them to the supplier through the contract and ensuring that this objective is met during contract performance.
Reviews: Regular supplier reviews are good practices, for it gives the buyer opportunity to give feedback on performance.
Continuous Improvement: Contracts and suppliers can be monitored through how they are chang-ing for better incrementally as they are fulfilling the schedule. There must be a set down system to timely improve on the process, people and continuously reduce waste.
Training: It is essential that training, are provided to come up on areas supplier is lacking.
* Refer to the question column for response
What are the 3Ps in the triple bottom line.
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured.
This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinvesting its profits in State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
Planet: A driving instructors using only hybrid vehicles to teach her learners, thus to reducing Co2 emission.
* Refer to the question column for response
Explanation:
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured.
This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinvesting its profits in State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
Planet: A driving instructors using only hybrid vehicles to teach her learners, thus to reducing Co2 emission.
* Refer to the question column for response
What are the reasons that a contract can legally be terminated?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
A contract is written or verbal agreement, made between two or more parties that are legally en-forceable. For a contract to be legally binding it must include intention of parties entering into the contracts. All parties must have the capacity to contract or be contracted. They must be of a sound mind, there should be a promise (offer) for performance from the other party and an exchange (consideration) of one thing for another within an agreement for contract to be binding, there must be an acceptance of the offeror's offer by the offeree.
There are many reasons contract can legally be terminated, including non-performance by one or both parties, a significant change in the requirement.
There are several reasons contract can legally be terminated, including non-performance by one or both parties; breach of material, failure to meet service level agreement, ethical breaches, a significant change in the requirement of either party caused by ethical change in the market, change in Demand, obsolescence, contract completion. The procurement professionals should get an exit strategy that should encourage a stress free disengagement should incase there are no profitable reason to continue with the contract.
* Refer to the question column for response
Explanation:
A contract is written or verbal agreement, made between two or more parties that are legally en-forceable. For a contract to be legally binding it must include intention of parties entering into the contracts. All parties must have the capacity to contract or be contracted. They must be of a sound mind, there should be a promise (offer) for performance from the other party and an exchange (consideration) of one thing for another within an agreement for contract to be binding, there must be an acceptance of the offeror's offer by the offeree.
There are many reasons contract can legally be terminated, including non-performance by one or both parties, a significant change in the requirement.
There are several reasons contract can legally be terminated, including non-performance by one or both parties; breach of material, failure to meet service level agreement, ethical breaches, a significant change in the requirement of either party caused by ethical change in the market, change in Demand, obsolescence, contract completion. The procurement professionals should get an exit strategy that should encourage a stress free disengagement should incase there are no profitable reason to continue with the contract.
* Refer to the question column for response
Which theory relates to the 3Ps
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured.
This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinventing its profits in a State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
Explanation:
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured.
This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinventing its profits in a State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
What effect is technology having on jobs within an organization with which you are familiar with?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Refer to the question column for response
Explanation:
Refer to the question column for response
What happens in the public sector, regarding providing feedback?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
A sector is an area of an industry, e.g., private, public or third sector.
A public sector is a sector of the economy that is owned, finance and run by the government. This sector is financed with tax payer's money. And therefore owe the general public an ethical explanation towards all investment and decision.
Once the supplier that is awarded the contract has accepted, the buyer can tell the unsuccessful bidders. This usually happens through email or letter. The public sector is more likely to give feedback to unsuccessful bidders and also have to respond to any stakeholders that request information on why a supplier is not successful.
* Refer to the question column for response
Explanation:
A sector is an area of an industry, e.g., private, public or third sector.
A public sector is a sector of the economy that is owned, finance and run by the government. This sector is financed with tax payer's money. And therefore owe the general public an ethical explanation towards all investment and decision.
Once the supplier that is awarded the contract has accepted, the buyer can tell the unsuccessful bidders. This usually happens through email or letter. The public sector is more likely to give feedback to unsuccessful bidders and also have to respond to any stakeholders that request information on why a supplier is not successful.
* Refer to the question column for response
Why do some specifications need to adapt?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Specification is a detailed description of what is required or needed. Due to certain reasons, needs sometimes increase in importance or lose their essence, therefore specifications need to adapt and develop to reflect the changing requirements of the consumer and also to comply with regulations and legislatures as this are amended.
Standard, regulations and legislation are continually evolving and new updated versions of existing guideline, as well as completely new initiatives one being released.
Explanation:
Specification is a detailed description of what is required or needed. Due to certain reasons, needs sometimes increase in importance or lose their essence, therefore specifications need to adapt and develop to reflect the changing requirements of the consumer and also to comply with regulations and legislatures as this are amended.
Standard, regulations and legislation are continually evolving and new updated versions of existing guideline, as well as completely new initiatives one being released.
Explain how procurement should decide whether to make or buy a product or service.
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Make or buy decision are about whether a products or services should be made within the organization or bought-in from an external supplier.
For a procurement professional to establish which method (make or buy) offers the best value, the item in question must be thought through if it is core to the organization and which option will add more value to the organization, as regards achieving its strategic goals. If it is core the procurement professional decide to make it and if it is not core the product or services can be bought in.
* Refer to the question column for response
Explanation:
Make or buy decision are about whether a products or services should be made within the organization or bought-in from an external supplier.
For a procurement professional to establish which method (make or buy) offers the best value, the item in question must be thought through if it is core to the organization and which option will add more value to the organization, as regards achieving its strategic goals. If it is core the procurement professional decide to make it and if it is not core the product or services can be bought in.
* Refer to the question column for response
When benchmarking what other factors, apart from price should be considered to find the total cost of acquisition?
正解:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
When evaluating potential suppliers, procurement professionals can carry out bench-marking. Benchmarking is the process of comparing a function, a process performance with another which is best in-class.
Other factors, apart from price that can be considered to find the total cost of acquisi-tion include the product or service quality, lead time, supplier culture, its environmental awareness and sustainability.
Explanation:
When evaluating potential suppliers, procurement professionals can carry out bench-marking. Benchmarking is the process of comparing a function, a process performance with another which is best in-class.
Other factors, apart from price that can be considered to find the total cost of acquisi-tion include the product or service quality, lead time, supplier culture, its environmental awareness and sustainability.