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質問 # 94
Which of the following is an example of a high-risk application under the EU Al Act?
- A. An Al-enabled inventory management tool.
- B. A customer service chatbot tool.
- C. A government-run social scoring tool.
- D. A resume scanning tool that ranks applicants.
正解：C
解説：
The EU AI Act categorizes certain applications of AI as high-risk due to their potential impact on fundamental rights and safety. High-risk applications include those used in critical areas such as employment, education, and essential public services. A government-run social scoring tool, which assesses individuals based on their social behavior or perceived trustworthiness, falls under this category because of its profound implications for privacy, fairness, and individual rights. This contrasts with other AI applications like resume scanning tools or customer service chatbots, which are generally not classified as high-risk under the EU AI Act.
質問 # 95
A company initially intended to use a large data set containing personal information to train an Al model.
After consideration, the company determined that it can derive enough value from the data set without any personal information and permanently obfuscated all personal data elements before training the model.
This is an example of applying which privacy-enhancing technique (PET)?
- A. Federated learning.
- B. Pseudonymization.
- C. Differential privacy.
- D. Anonymization.
正解：D
解説：
Anonymization is a privacy-enhancing technique that involves removing or permanently altering personal data elements to prevent the identification of individuals. In this case, the company obfuscated all personal data elements before training the model, which aligns with the definition of anonymization. This ensures that the data cannot be traced back to individuals, thereby protecting their privacy while still allowing the company to derive value from the dataset. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge, privacy-enhancing techniques section.
質問 # 96
Which model is best for efficiency and agility, and tailored for lower-resource settings?
- A. Small language model.
- B. Multimodal model.
- C. Generative language model.
- D. Supervised learning model.
正解：A
解説：
Small language models (SLMs)arelightweight, requireless compute, and arebetter suited to low-resource or edge environments, making them ideal for agility and efficiency.
From general AI best practices:
"SLMs can be deployed in environments with limited computing power, ensuring lower cost and faster integration in constrained contexts." (aligned with industry-wide AI deployment strategies)
質問 # 97
All of the following are potential benefits of using private over public LLMs EXCEPT?
- A. Application for specific use cases within the enterprise.
- B. Reduction in possibility of hallucinated information.
- C. Reduction in time taken for data validation and verification.
- D. Confirmation of security and confidentiality.
正解：C
解説：
Private LLMs offer advantages likecustomizability,reduced hallucination,confidentiality, andalignment with enterprise-specific tasks, but theydo not inherently reduce the time or effortneeded fordata validation or verification- which remains an essential step regardless of model privacy.
From the AI risk and quality sections:
"Ensuring the quality of the data... is highly contextual and must be validated regardless of the model's deployment environment." (p. 17)
* B, C, Dare legitimate benefits of private LLMs.
* Ais incorrect - validation still requires time and resources.
質問 # 98
What is the main purpose of accountability structures under the Govern function of the NIST Al Risk Management Framework?
- A. To determine responsibility for allocating budgetary resources.
- B. To establish diverse, equitable and inclusive processes.
- C. To empower and train appropriate cross-functional teams.
- D. To enable and encourage participation by external stakeholders.
正解：C
解説：
The NIST AI Risk Management Framework's Govern function emphasizes the importance of establishing accountability structures that empower and train cross-functional teams. This is crucial because cross-functional teams bring diverse perspectives and expertise, which are essential for effective AI governance and risk management. Training these teams ensures that they are well-equipped to handle their responsibilities and can make informed decisions that align with the organization's AI principles and ethical standards. Reference: NIST AI Risk Management Framework documentation, Govern function section.
質問 # 99
MULTI-SELECT
Please select 3 of the 5 options below. No partial credit will be given.
What are the roles and responsibilities of deployers of a proprietary model?
- A. Ethical testing.
- B. Regulatory compliance.
- C. System documentation.
- D. Ethical design.
- E. Technical performance.
正解：A、B、E
解説：
Deployers of proprietary models arenot responsible for design, but they are accountable for how the system performsin their context of use, including ensuring ethical behavior, performance, and legal compliance.
From theAI Governance in Practice Report 2024:
"Deployers of AI systems must take reasonable steps to ensure that systems are used ethically, perform safely, and align with applicable laws and standards." (p. 11-12)
"Operational governance... includes performance monitoring protocols, incident management plans, and regulatory oversight." (p. 12) Thus:
* #A. Ethical testing- Required to mitigate misuse and unintended harms.
* #B. Ethical design- Belongs todevelopers/providers, not deployers.
* #C. Technical performance- Deployers must ensure that AI performs as expected.
* #D. System documentation- This is theprovider'sobligation.
* #E. Regulatory compliance- Deployers must ensure system use complies with applicable laws.
質問 # 100
Which of the following is a subcategory of Al and machine learning that uses labeled datasets to train algorithms?
- A. Generative Al.
- B. Expert systems.
- C. Segmentation.
- D. Supervised learning.
正解：D
解説：
Supervised learning is a subcategory of AI and machine learning where labeled datasets are used to train algorithms. This process involves feeding the algorithm a dataset where the input-output pairs are known, allowing the algorithm to learn and make predictions or decisions based on new, unseen data. Reference:
AIGP BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, which describes supervised learning as a model trained on labeled data (e.g., text recognition, detecting spam in emails).
質問 # 101
During the first month when the company monitors the model for bias, it is most important to?
- A. Continue disparity testing.
- B. Document the results of final decisions made by the human underwriter.
- C. Analyze the quality of the training and testing data.
- D. Provide regular awareness training.
正解：A
解説：
Theinitial deployment phaseof an AI model is critical forpost-deployment monitoring. When tracking for bias, the most important task is tocontinue disparity testingto determine whether outputs differ across protected groups.
From theAI Governance in Practice Report 2024:
"Performance monitoring protocols... should include mechanisms to assess and measure disparities in outcomes across different demographic groups." (p. 12)
"Bias may not be evident during pre-deployment testing but can emerge in real-world use." (p. 41)
* B. Awareness trainingis helpful, but not a technical bias mitigation activity.
* C. Analyzing training datais apre-deploymenttask.
* D. Documenting human decisionsmay support auditability but doesn't detect bias in AI outputs.
質問 # 102
CASE STUDY
A company is considering the procurement of an AI system designed to enhance the security of IT infrastructure. The AI system analyzes how users type on their laptops, including typing speed, rhythm and pressure, to create a unique user profile. This data is then used to authenticate users and ensure that only authorized personnel can access sensitive resources.
When prioritizing the updates to its policies, rules and procedures to include the new AI system for user authentication, the organization should:
- A. Reduce the complexity of the policy to make it easier for non-technical employees to understand
- B. Ensure that any personal data used is only processed for a specific and lawful purpose
- C. Update third-party data sharing policies
- D. Update security controls for sensitive data
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is C. This action ties directly into principles of data minimization, purpose limitation, and lawfulness of processing, which are central to privacy and AI governance.
From the AIGP Body of Knowledge, Section on Privacy Considerations:
"Personal data must only be processed for specified and lawful purposes. Organizations must consider whether they have a legal basis for processing such data under data protection laws like the GDPR or CCPA." Additionally, AI Governance in Practice Report 2024 emphasizes:
"One of the most significant challenges when designing and developing AI systems is ensuring the data used is appropriate for the intended purpose... Managing unnecessary data, especially data that may contain sensitive attributes, can increase risk."
質問 # 103
CASE STUDY
A premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
To address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions.
One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company deploy technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
The organization continues planning the adoption of an AI tool to support hiring, but is concerned about potential bias in content generated by AI systems and how that could affect public perception.
Which of the following measures should the company adopt to best mitigate its risk of reputational harm from using the AI tool?
- A. Require the procurement and deployment teams to agree upon the AI tool
- B. Test the AI tool pre- and post-deployment
- C. Ensure the vendor provides indemnification for the AI tool
- D. Continue to require the company's hiring personnel to manually screen all applicants
正解：B
解説：
Note: This is the same scenario and question as Question 21 and thus has the same correct answer: A. It's possible this was duplicated in your original input.
Repeated for clarity:
"Testing AI tools pre- and post-deployment helps ensure they perform as expected and do not introduce bias, privacy issues, or fairness concerns. This mitigates reputational and legal risk." The AI Governance in Practice Report 2024 further reinforces:
"Ongoing monitoring and testing post-deployment allows organizations to catch and correct unintended impacts... especially important in HR and hiring contexts."
質問 # 104
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies.
ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model ("LLM"). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data-including applications, policies, and claims-and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed .. human underwriter for final review.
ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women's loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.
During the first month when ABC monitors the model for bias, it is most important to?
- A. Continue disparity testing.
- B. Seek approval from management for any changes to the model.
- C. Compare the results to human decisions prior to deployment.
- D. Analyze the quality of the training and testing data.
正解：A
解説：
During the first month of monitoring the model for bias, it is most important to continue disparity testing.
Disparity testing involves regularly evaluating the model's decisions to identify and address any biases, ensuring that the model operates fairly across different demographic groups.
Reference: Regular disparity testing is highlighted in the AIGP Body of Knowledge as a critical practice for maintaining the fairness and reliability of AI models. By continuously monitoring for and addressing disparities, organizations can ensure their AI systems remain compliant with ethical and legal standards, and mitigate any unintended biases that may arise in production.
質問 # 105
According to the GDPR's transparency principle, when an Al system processes personal data in automated decision-making, controllers are required to provide data subjects specific information on?
- A. The contact details of the data protection officer and the data protection national authority.
- B. The data protection impact assessments carried out on the Al system and legal bases for processing.
- C. The personal data used during processing, including inferences drawn by the Al system about the data.
- D. The existence of automated decision-making and meaningful information on its logic and consequences.
正解：D
解説：
The GDPR's transparency principle requires that when personal data is processed for automated decision-making, including profiling, data subjects must be informed about the existence of such automated decision-making. Additionally, they must be provided with meaningful information about the logic involved, as well as the significance and the envisaged consequences of such processing for them. This requirement ensures that data subjects are fully aware of how their personal data is being used and the potential impacts, thereby promoting transparency and trust in the processing activities.
質問 # 106
Scenario:
A company is using different types of AI systems to enhance consumer engagement. These include chatbots, recommendation engines, and automated content generation tools.
Which of the following situations would be least likely to raise concerns under existing consumer protection laws?
- A. An AI customer service system claiming that it is as accurate as a human support agent
- B. An AI algorithm being used in a credit decision-making process by a financial institution
- C. An AI tool using scraped digital content to generate news summaries on a publishing website
- D. An online platform offering recommendations to its users by displaying user-specific content and targeted advertisements
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is D. Personalized content and advertisements, as long as properly disclosed and non- deceptive, are not generally a consumer protection issue under current legal regimes.
From the AI Governance in Practice Report 2024 (Consumer Protection Section):
"Standard practices like targeted advertising and recommendations are widely accepted provided they comply with transparency and consent requirements." Meanwhile, credit decision-making and misleading AI performance claims (Answers A and B) have already led to regulatory enforcement.
The AIGP ILT Guide highlights:
"Deceptive claims, biased financial decisions, and unauthorized data use may violate consumer protection and privacy laws. Advertising personalization is routine but must be disclosed appropriately."
質問 # 107
CASE STUDY
A company is considering the procurement of an AI system designed to enhance the security of IT infrastructure. The AI system analyzes how users type on their laptops, including typing speed, rhythm and pressure, to create a unique user profile. This data is then used to authenticate users and ensure that only authorized personnel can access sensitive resources.
All of the following are obligations of the company as a data controller when implementing its AI system EXCEPT?
- A. Conducting a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) / Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
- B. Allowing data subject access requests (DSARs)
- C. Ensuring that third-party processors are based in the same country as the company
- D. Implementing technical and organizational measures
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is A. While location of processors may have implications (such as for data transfers under GDPR), there is no absolute requirement that third-party processors be based in the same country.
From the AI Governance in Practice Report 2024 and ILT Guide:
"Data controllers are responsible for ensuring that third-party processors have adequate protections, but not necessarily that they reside in the same jurisdiction. What is required is legal safeguards (e.g., SCCs) for international transfers, not same-country location." In contrast, DPIAs, DSARs, and implementation of technical/organizational safeguards are explicitly required under GDPR and responsible AI frameworks.
質問 # 108
Scenario:
A U.S.-based AI governance professional is evaluating resources from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to guide the organization's AI risk assessment strategy. They are particularly interested in programs focused on assessing AI-specific impacts.
The main purpose of NIST's Assessing Risks and Impacts of AI (ARIA) program is to:
- A. Offer a regulatory sandbox for risk reporting
- B. Pilot new standards for AI red-teaming
- C. Provide a suite of resources to manage risks
- D. Promote interoperability across AI systems
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is A. The ARIA program by NIST is explicitly designed to support stakeholders in understanding and managing the risks and impacts of AI systems.
From the AIGP ILT Guide - U.S. Risk Frameworks Module:
"NIST's ARIA program develops and pilots assessment tools for AI risks and impacts, aimed at improving organizational capacity for responsible AI use." Also cited in the AI Governance in Practice Report 2024 (Frameworks Section):
"ARIA supports and aligns with the AI Risk Management Framework by helping organizations assess AI harms, safety concerns, and societal implications." ARIA is not a red-teaming or sandbox program-it's an assessment and governance resource.
質問 # 109
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions.
One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
All of the following are potential negative consequences created by using the Al tool when making hiring decisions EXCEPT?
- A. Intellectual property infringement.
- B. Reputational harm.
- C. Discriminatory treatment.
- D. Civil rights violations.
正解：A
解説：
The potential negative consequences of using an AI tool in hiring include reputational harm (A), civil rights violations (B), and discriminatory treatment (C). These issues stem from biases in the AI system or its misuse, which can lead to unfair hiring practices and legal liabilities. Intellectual property infringement (D) is not a typical consequence of using AI in hiring, as it relates to the unauthorized use of protected intellectual property, which is not directly relevant to the hiring process or the potential biases within AI tools.
質問 # 110
What is the term for an algorithm that focuses on making the best choice achieve an immediate objective at a particular step or decision point, based on the available information and without regard for the longer-term best solutions?
- A. Single-lane.
- B. Optimized.
- C. Efficient.
- D. Greedy.
正解：D
解説：
A greedy algorithm is one that makes the best choice at each step to achieve an immediate objective, without considering the longer-term consequences. It focuses on local optimization at each decision point with the hope that these local solutions will lead to an optimal global solution. However, greedy algorithms do not always produce the best overall solution for certain problems, but they are useful when an immediate, locally optimal solution is desired. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge, algorithm types section.
質問 # 111
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