初心者向けの4A0-116試験 [2023] 問題集でNokiaのPDF問題
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ノキア4A0-116認定試験は、セグメントルーティングアーキテクチャ、プロトコル、トラフィックエンジニアリング、ネットワーク自動化、セキュリティなど、幅広いトピックをカバーしています。試験は異なるセクションに分かれており、それぞれ特定のセグメントルーティングの側面に焦点を当てています。問題は、候補者の実践的な知識と問題解決能力をテストするように設計されています。
Nokia 4A0-116の試験準備には、IPネットワーキングやルーティングプロトコルのしっかりとした理解、およびネットワークデバイスの設定とトラブルシューティングの経験が必要です。Nokiaは、オンラインコース、自己学習教材、実践的なラボセッションなど、試験の準備を支援するためのトレーニングコースと教材を提供しています。Nokia 4A0-116の試験は、ネットワーク業界のITプロフェッショナルのキャリア展望を向上させる、チャレンジングで報酬の高い認定資格です。効率的かつスケーラブルなネットワークの需要が高まる中、Nokia Segment Routingテクノロジーがますます普及しており、この認定資格を持つことは、この分野の高度な専門知識を証明することになります。
Nokia 4A0-116: Nokia Segment Routing試験は、候補者のNokiaセグメントルーティング技術に関する知識と専門知識を検証する非常に優れた認証資格です。ネットワーク業界で個人が競争力を持つための世界的に認められた資格であり、サービスプロバイダーネットワークでのセグメントルーティングの実装と管理に必要なスキルを身につけるために設計されています。
質問 # 17
To create a flex-algo instance in a network, which of the following configuration steps is mandatory?
- A. Specifying whether the LSP paths will be computed locally or by an external path computation element (PCE).
- B. Configuring LSPs between every pair of PE routers.
- C. Configuring the proper values for the shared-risk link groups (SRLGs) that will define the flex-algo topology.
- D. Configuring at least one router in the network to create and advertise the flex-algo definition.
正解：D
解説：
To create a flex-algo instance in a network, it's mandatory to configure at least one router in the network to create and advertise the flex-algo definition, This is the first step in creating a flex-algo instance, and it's done by defining the flex-algo instance and its properties on one or more routers in the network.
The other steps are important to fine-tune the flex-algo instance, but not mandatory to create it.
Configuring the proper values for the shared-risk link groups (SRLGs) that will define the flex-algo topology.
Specifying whether the LSP paths will be computed locally or by an external path computation element (PCE).
Configuring LSPs between every pair of PE routers.
質問 # 18
In which of the following aspects does the configuration of flex-algo LSPs have an advantage over the configuration of SR-TE LSPs?
- A. Label stack size of the encapsulated data packets
- B. Flexibility of configuring each LSP with its own set of traffic-engineering constraints
- C. List of traffic-engineering constraint types available to choose from
- D. Ability to associate one primary and up to two secondary paths to the same LSP
正解：B
解説：
Flex-Algo LSPs are a type of LSP that allows for greater flexibility in configuring traffic engineering constraints. This is because flex-algo LSPs can be configured with a unique set of traffic engineering constraints for each LSP, whereas SR-TE LSPs use a predefined set of traffic engineering constraints that applies to all LSPs.
Label stack size of the encapsulated data packets, List of traffic-engineering constraint types available to choose from, and Ability to associate one primary and up to two secondary paths to the same LSP are not the advantages of flex-algo LSPs over SR-TE LSPs.
質問 # 19
For any of the LFA methods to work properly, there must be a router in the backup path that will forward traffic addressed to the destination without sending it back to the source. Which of the following statements describes the way R-LFA selects such a router?
- A. It selects an immediate neighbor.
- B. It can select an immediate neighbor or a remote router, as long as the backup path coincides with the path that will become active after IGP reconvergence.
- C. It selects a remote router, reachable through a tunnel defined by a single Node-SID.
- D. It selects a remote router, reachable through a tunnel defined by a Node-SID and one or two Adjacency-SIDs.
正解：B
解説：
R-LFA (Remote Loop-Free Alternate) is a method that can select either an immediate neighbor or a remote router to be used as a backup next hop, as long as the backup path coincides with the path that will become active after IGP reconvergence.
質問 # 20
The exhibit shows the fast re-route configuration on router R1, in which both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled. Assume that there are multiple potential backup paths for a given prefix. Which of the following options will router R1 use?
- A. An R-LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- B. A D-LFA path that would coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- C. A D-LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- D. A standard LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
正解：B
解説：
The exhibit shows that both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled on router R1. R-LFA (Remote Loop-Free Alternate) is a method that is used to protect the active segment of a tunnel, and it allows the router to find a backup path that coincides with the path that will become active after IGP reconvergence. TI-LFA (Topology Independent LFA) is a method that is used to protect an end-to-end multi-segment tunnel, it allows the router to find a backup path that does not rely on the IGP topology, but on the segment routing topology.
With R-LFA and TI-LFA enabled, router R1 will use a D-LFA (Dual-Loop-Free Alternate) path, which is a combination of both R-LFA and TI-LFA, this path will coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
A standard LFA, R-LFA, and D-LFA which do not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence are not the options.
質問 # 21
Which of the following statements about a Segment Routing SID is FALSE?
- A. A Node-SID is usually associated with a router's system interface.
- B. A Prefix-SID can be configured directly as a label value or indirectly as an index.
- C. An Adjacency-SID does not have to be configured.
- D. Adjacency-SID values are taken from the SRGB configured for the routing protocol.
正解：C
解説：
An Adjacency-SID does not have to be configured: this statement is not true, An Adjacency-SID is associated with a neighbor router, it is used to identify an adjacency between two routers. An Adjacency-SID must be configured to identify the adjacency.
質問 # 22
OSPF is being used for segment routing with traffic-engineering (SR-TE). The traffic-engineering option has been set to "sr-te false". Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A. The TE information will only be advertised for the OSPF links that have both MPLS and RSVP enabled.
- B. The TE information will only be advertised using application-specific sub-TLVs.
- C. The TE information will be advertised for all the OSPF links that have MPLS enabled.
- D. The TE information will only be advertised using extended-link opaque LSAs.
正解：D
解説：
When using Segment Routing with Traffic Engineering (SR-TE) in OSPF, the TE information is advertised using extended-link opaque LSAs. The option "sr-te false" indicates that OSPF will not advertise the TE information in the OSPF database, thus the routers will not be aware of the TE information.
質問 # 23
Which of the following statements about segment routing fast re-route is FALSE?
- A. On a Nokia 7750 SR, R-LFA and TI-LFA can be enabled independently of each other.
- B. Fast re-route typically protects the active segment of a tunnel, but under certain conditions it can protect an end-to-end multi-segment tunnel instead.
- C. The parameter "max-sr-frr-labels" limits the number of labels that R-LFA can add to the data packet encapsulation.
- D. Fast re-route is a temporary fix that becomes active for a short period of time after a local network failure.
正解：A
解説：
On a Nokia 7750 SR, R-LFA and TI-LFA cannot be enabled independently; they must be enabled together. The parameter "max-sr-frr-labels" limits the number of labels that R-LFA can add to the data packet encapsulation.
質問 # 24
Which of the following statements about path definitions is FALSE?
- A. In addition to the hops defined in the path list, the head-end and tail-end routers are implicitly added.
- B. Once a path is associated with an LSP, it cannot be used by other LSPs.
- C. A loose hop is one that does not have to be directly adjacent to the previous hop in the path list
- D. The path hops can be defined by either the system or physical interface IP address.
正解：D
質問 # 25
Which of the following statements about the Path Computation Element (PCE) is FALSE?
- A. A stateful PCE proactively monitors all the existing LSPs and triggers the necessary repairs and re-optimizations.
- B. A stateless PCE can calculate cross-area traffic-engineering-constrained LSP paths.
- C. The PCE can obtain topology and traffic-engineering information from the network using either a link-state IGP or BGP-LS.
- D. A stateful PCE can allow LSPs to reserve bandwidth.
正解：D
解説：
Stateful PCE can monitor the existing LSPs and trigger necessary repairs and re-optimizations, but it does not have the capability to reserve bandwidth.
質問 # 26
Which of the following statements about a Segment Routing SID is FALSE?
- A. A Node-SID is usually associated with a router's system interface.
- B. A Prefix-SID can be configured directly as a label value or indirectly as an index.
- C. An Adjacency-SID does not have to be configured.
- D. Adjacency-SID values are taken from the SRGB configured for the routing protocol.
正解：C
解説：
An Adjacency-SID does not have to be configured: this statement is not true, An Adjacency-SID is associated with a neighbor router, it is used to identify an adjacency between two routers. An Adjacency-SID must be configured to identify the adjacency.
質問 # 27
The exhibit presents packets being transmitted inside an LSP's multi-segment primary path going from router R1 to router R8. The LSP also has a standby secondary path, and Seamless-BFD has been enabled on the primary path. The link between routers R1 and R2 fails, and fast re-route (FRR) is triggered. As a result, router R1 forwards the packets to router R3 and adds the proper FRR encapsulation to reach which router?
- A. To reach router R2, which is the LSP's intended next-hop.
- B. To reach router R5, which is the shortest way to go back to the original path.
- C. To reach router R4, which is the tail-end of the active segment.
- D. To reach router R8, which is the tail-end of the LSP.
正解：B
質問 # 28
When OSPF is used to support Segment Routing, the first byte of the link-state ID associated with each of the opaque LSAs indicates the type of information being advertised. Which of the following associations between the first-byte value and its meaning is FALSE?
- A. Value 1 - Traffic Engineering
- B. Value 8 - Extended Link Info
- C. Value 4 - Router Info
- D. Value 7 - SRGB Range
正解：B
解説：
Value 8 - Extended Link Info: This statement is not true, value 8 is not used to indicate Extended Link Info. It is used for different types of information, such as Link-Local/Remote Identifiers (LLS/RLS) Identifiers and Node SID/Adj-SID.
質問 # 29
Which of the following statements about Segment Routing is FALSE?
- A. A link-state IGP is required to distribute SID information.
- B. Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal
- C. For TE-constrained tunnels, each data packet typically carries a single MPLS label to specify the tunnel path.
- D. No path signaling is required to establish an SR tunnel.
正解：B
解説：
Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal: this statement is false, Intermediate routers do maintain tunnel information, such as the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to forward the packets according to the path specified in the packets.
質問 # 30
An SR-TE LSP with a path definition that includes router R4 as a loose hop and for which Seamless-BFD has been enabled is following the path shown in the exhibit. What happens after router R4 fails if the routers along the path follow the default behavior?
- A. The head end will periodically try to calculate a new path at a rate defined by the retry timer.
- B. The head end will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop indefinitely, which will be discarded at the point of failure.
- C. The head end will periodically try to calculate a new path at a rate defined by the resignal timer.
- D. The head end will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop indefinitely, and R2 will redirect the traffic to R3 after IGP reconvergence.
正解：B
解説：
When an SR-TE LSP with Seamless-BFD enabled, the BFD sessions are established between the routers along the path to detect any failures quickly. If a failure happens in the path, the router will stop forwarding the traffic and send a BFD control packet to the head-end router. In this case, R4 failed, BFD sessions will detect the failure and send a message to the head-end router, but since R4 is a loose hop, the path doesn't have to be re-calculate. The head-end router will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop, R2, which will be discarded at the point of failure (R4) as it doesn't know about the failure. And the traffic will not be redirected to R3 after IGP reconvergence.
質問 # 31
Based on the exhibit, which of the following statements about fast re-route for flex-algo instance 129 is TRUE?
- A. Only standard LFA is enabled on router R1; fast re-route is not enabled on router R2.
- B. Standard LFA and remote-LFA are enabled on router R1; fast re-route is not enabled on router R2.
- C. Standard LFA and remote-LFA are enabled on router R1; standard LFA and TT-LFA are enabled on router R2.
- D. Only standard LFA is enabled on both routers R1 and R2.
正解：B
質問 # 32
Which of the following statements about primary and secondary SR-TE LSP paths is FALSE?
- A. Only one LSP path forwards the traffic at any time,
- B. Up to three paths can be configured for a given SR-TE LS
- C. Preference values can be configured for non-standby secondary paths.
- D. The primary path is always preferred over a secondary pa
正解：B
解説：
Typically, in SR-TE, only two paths can be configured for a given SR-TE LSP: primary path and secondary path. The primary path is used for normal traffic forwarding, and the secondary path is used as a backup in case the primary path fails. Only one LSP path forwards the traffic at any time.
質問 # 33
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