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合格PeopleCert DevOps DevOps-Foundation試験問題には82問があります
Peoplecert DevOps-Foundation 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 38
An organization is architecting a DevOps toolchain that includes products from both open source and proprietary software providers.
Which of the following is necessary for applications within the toolchain to connect efficiently and effectively?
- A. Open source applications
- B. Application Programming Interfaces
- C. Microservices
- D. Containers
正解：B
解説：
ADevOps toolchainis an integrated set of tools that supports the entire software delivery lifecycle-planning, coding, building, testing, releasing, deploying, operating, and monitoring. Regardless of whether tools are open source or proprietary, their ability to work together depends onApplication Programming Interfaces (APIs).
APIs define how different software components communicate and exchange data. In a DevOps context, APIs enable:
* Automation by allowing tools to trigger actions in other tools
* Data flow between systems (e.g., CI pipelines updating ticketing systems)
* Integration across heterogeneous environments
A(open source applications) is about licensing, not integration.B(containers) package and run applications consistently but do not inherently integrate tools.D(microservices) is an architectural style for applications, not the integration mechanism between delivery tools.
Therefore,C-APIs-are essential for efficient, effective toolchain integration.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Toolchain Integration Principles
The DevOps Handbook- APIs as Integration Enablers
質問 # 39
Which Lean tool provides a collaborative board that makes work visible, allows work in progress to be limited, and optimizes flow?
- A. Kanban
- B. Value Stream Mapping
- C. Continuous Delivery
- D. Improvement Kata
正解：A
解説：
Kanbanis a Lean visual management method that helps teams control and improve workflow. The board displays tasks in columns representing process stages, enabling:
* Visualization of work items and bottlenecks
* Limiting work in progress (WIP) to improve flow and reduce multitasking
* Tracking throughput and cycle time for continuous improvement
B(Value Stream Mapping) is a Lean analysis tool, not a visual board for ongoing work.C(Improvement Kata) is a structured improvement method, andD(Continuous Delivery) is a software delivery practice, not a visual workflow tool.
Therefore,A-Kanban-is correct.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Lean Tools and Kanban
Kanbanby David J. Anderson - Principles and Practices
質問 # 40
The last release of a critical application contained an error that significantly impacted the business. While the error was detected immediately after release, the situation was not resolved in a timely manner. During the retrospective, it was identified that many of the delays were the result of poor communication and collaboration between development and operational teams.
What steps could the IT organization take to improve its response and resolution in the future?
- A. Implement chat platforms for faster access and collaboration
- B. Introduce self-help tools to empower users to solve their own problems
- C. Use social media to communicate between teams
- D. Increase the number of people that are alerted when an error occurs
正解：A
解説：
Poor communication and collaboration slow incident resolution. DevOps emphasizes fast, transparent communication channels between Dev, Ops, and other stakeholders. Implementingchat platforms(e.g., Slack, Microsoft Teams) that integrate with monitoring, alerting, and deployment tools enables:
* Real-time collaboration across geographically distributed teams
* Immediate sharing of incident context and system data
* Faster decision-making and coordinated action
A(alerting more people) risks causing noise without improving targeted response.B(social media) is not secure or appropriate for enterprise incident management.C(self-help tools) benefits end-users but does not address Dev-Ops collaboration.
Thus,Dprovides the most direct and effective improvement in communication for faster incident resolution.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Collaboration and Tooling
The DevOps Handbook- ChatOps and Incident Management
質問 # 41
Which of the following is an example of a "shift left" testing strategy?
- A. Testing in production
- B. Unit testing as part of continuous integration
- C. Manual testing
- D. Biannual vulnerability assessments of live systems
正解：B
解説：
Shift Left Testingmeans moving testing earlier in the development process, so defects are found sooner and fixes are cheaper.
Unit testing as part of CIis the classic "shift left" strategy: automated unit tests run with every code change, catching errors before code moves further down the pipeline.
* Testing in production(A) is "shift right."
* Manual testing(B) is typically late-stage and not automated.
* Biannual vulnerability assessments(D) are after-the-fact and far from "shift left." Extract-style reference:
"Shift left means performing testing activities earlier, for example by including unit tests in the CI process, reducing costly late-stage defects."
-DevOps Handbook
PeopleCert Foundation: "Shift left" is a key DevOps testing principle-find issues fast, fix fast, deploy safely.
質問 # 42
A major retail organization is experiencing declining sales and wants to boost its online business. Teams within Dev and Ops have been independently experimenting with DevOps practices to speed up changes to the company's website but have yet to see tangible benefits.
What can the IT management team do in this situation to achieve bottom-line benefits with DevOps?
- A. Encourage intelligent risk taking
- B. Build a high-trust culture
- C. Promote a customer (outside-in) focus
- D. Create a shared vision, goals and incentives
正解：D
解説：
When independent Dev and Ops teams adopt DevOps practices without coordination, results are limited.
* The most important action IT management can take is tocreate a shared vision, goals, and incentives.
* Shared goals align everyone to business outcomes, reduce conflicting priorities, and foster real collaboration.
Why not the others?
* Intelligent risk taking(A) andhigh-trust culture(C) are important, but without a shared vision, teams won't move in the same direction.
* Customer focus(D) is essential, but won't create cross-team alignment by itself.
Reference/Extract:
"Creating a shared vision and goals across Dev and Ops is critical to breaking down silos and delivering end- to-end value to the business."
-The Phoenix Project,Accelerate, and PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 Section 3.3
質問 # 43
Which of the following helps an organization to practice DevSecOps?
- A. Security as code
- B. Embracing a "shift right" testing strategy approach can take advantage of continuous integration and test-driven development practices
- C. Engaging external testing services
- D. Conducting frequent security audits after deployment
正解：A
解説：
DevSecOps is about integrating security into every stage of the software delivery lifecycle rather than treating it as a separate, post-development activity. PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 stresses that security must shift left-moving testing, vulnerability scanning, and compliance checks earlier in the process.
Security as Codemeans embedding security policies, controls, and checks directly into infrastructure and application code. This includes:
* Automated vulnerability scanning in CI/CD pipelines
* Infrastructure-as-code with integrated security configurations
* Policy-as-code to enforce compliance automatically
* Static and dynamic application security testing (SAST/DAST) integrated into build pipelines WhileAincorrectly says "shift right" (testing later in production), DevSecOps emphasizes shifting left.B(post- deployment audits) andC(external testing) can complement DevSecOps but don't fully embed security into the delivery workflow.
Therefore,D - Security as codeis the most direct enabler of DevSecOps practices.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - DevSecOps Practices
The DevOps Handbook- Security Integration and Policy as Code
OWASP DevSecOps Guidelines
質問 # 44
Several members of an IT service provider's development and operations teams recently attended a local DevOps meetup. They came away very excited about applying a DevOps approach to their organization.
Which of the following would be a critical success factor for their DevOps program?
- A. The design and development of a deployment pipeline for continuous integration and continuous delivery
- B. Management commitment to culture change
- C. Additional budget for new automation
- D. Reorganization of the IT organization into DevOps Teams
正解：B
解説：
Successful DevOps transformation hinges onmanagement commitment to cultural change. This includes leadership support for breaking down silos, encouraging collaboration, fostering psychological safety, and aligning incentives.
While budget, reorganization, and deployment pipelines are important enablers, they cannot deliver sustainable transformation without cultural alignment. Leaders must model desired behaviors, remove systemic blockers, and reinforce the new ways of working.
Without cultural change, DevOps becomes a tooling initiative rather than a true organizational shift.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Culture as a Success Factor
The DevOps Handbook- Leadership Role in Transformation
質問 # 45
Updates to a complex critical business service are released every calendar quarter. The business would like to increase the frequency of releases for this service.
Why would segmenting the service into microservices help to improve the frequency of release?
- A. Microservices are always open source so they can be modified frequently to meet business requirements
- B. Microservices create a service architecture built on smaller modules that can be updated independently without affecting the primary system
- C. Microservices are less expensive and therefore can be built and released more frequently
- D. Microservices can be built quickly to correct or remove errors in the primary system
正解：B
解説：
Microservices architecturebreaks down applications into small, independent, loosely coupled services that can be developed, tested, and deployed independently.
* Why does this improve release frequency?Each microservice can be updated, tested, and deployed on its own, reducing the risk and coordination overhead associated with monolithic releases.
* This allows for faster feedback and more frequent delivery of value to users.
Extract-style reference:
"Microservices enable teams to deploy independently, reduce deployment risk, and increase release frequency by decoupling services."
-Accelerate: The Science of Lean Software and DevOps, Chapter 4
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6:Stresses modular architectures for enabling rapid, independent deployments and continuous delivery.
質問 # 46
Agile funding can be______
- A. Reviewed frequently
- B. All of the Above
- C. Continuous cost
- D. Fixed cost
正解：B
解説：
Agile funding is flexible and adapts to the iterative, incremental nature of Agile and DevOps projects.
It can be fixed cost for some work, continuous cost for ongoing value streams, and is reviewed frequently to align with evolving priorities.
All three characteristics are true, so D ("All of the Above") is correct.
Extract-style reference:
"Agile funding models support continuous review and adaptation, providing the flexibility required for digital transformation and DevOps ways of working."
- Project to Product, Mik Kersten
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6: Advocates funding models that encourage agility, experimentation, and rapid value delivery.
質問 # 47
How do shortened feedback loops PRIMARILY improve IT's performance?
- A. They help to create and share knowledge when needed
- B. They create a value stream map
- C. They encourage learning and experimentation
- D. They ensure a faster flow between Dev and Ops
正解：D
解説：
According to PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6, theSecond Wayof DevOps focuses on creating and amplifyingfeedback loops. The primary purpose of shortening these loops is toaccelerate the flow of work and informationbetween all stages of the delivery pipeline, especially between Development and Operations.
When feedback loops are short, defects, performance issues, and risks can be identified and resolved earlier in the process, preventing costly delays and large-scale rework. This supportsfaster, safer releasesand improves the organization's responsiveness to customer needs.
WhileA(learning) andD(knowledge sharing) are important benefits of feedback loops, they aresecondary outcomes. The main, direct effect is improvingflow efficiency-ensuring that handoffs between Dev and Ops happen smoothly, quickly, and with higher quality.
OptionC(value stream mapping) is a useful Lean practice to identify delays and bottlenecks, but it is a diagnostic tool, not the primary improvement gained from shortening feedback loops.
Thus, the correct answer isB-shortened feedback loops primarily improve IT performance by ensuringfaster flowbetween Development and Operations.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Second Way: Feedback Principles
The DevOps Handbook- Feedback and Flow Acceleration
Accelerate- Research on Fast Feedback and Performance
質問 # 48
Which of the following dictates an organization's culture?
- A. What people value and how they behave
- B. The leadership style of its executives
- C. The vision of its founders
- D. Employees' commitment and loyalty to the company
正解：A
解説：
Organizational culture is defined byshared values and behaviors-what people believe is important and how they act in practice. PeopleCert notes that while founders' vision, leadership style, and employee commitment can influence culture, the actual culture is visible in the consistent behaviors and priorities of the organization' s members.
Therefore,B-what people value and how they behave-is the most accurate description of what dictates culture.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Culture Definition
Edgar Schein -Organizational Culture and Leadership
質問 # 49
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a DevOps culture?
- A. Command and control
- B. Data driven
- C. Reflective
- D. Accountability
正解：A
解説：
ADevOps cultureis built on principles like being data-driven, reflective (willing to learn from experience), and accountable (taking ownership, not blaming others).
* Command and controlcultures are the opposite: hierarchical, rigid, discouraging initiative and learning. DevOps strives for empowerment, experimentation, and psychological safety.
Why not the others?
* Data-driven:Decisions are based on measurement and feedback, core to DevOps.
* Reflective:Regular retrospectives and post-incident reviews are essential DevOps rituals.
* Accountability:Teams are responsible for the software they build and operate.
Reference/Extract:
"DevOps culture values collaboration, continuous learning, and a data-driven, accountable approach to improvement. Command and control structures stifle innovation and slow down feedback."
-State of DevOps Report(2019), PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 Section 3.2
質問 # 50
An organization is using ChatOps to improve communication and collaboration.
How can this organization transfer incident-related data from its chat client to its IT service management tool?
- A. Manually cut and paste the data
- B. It doesn't need to as ChatOps is only used for minor incidents
- C. Use an Application Programming Interface (API)
- D. None of the above
正解：C
解説：
ChatOpsis the integration of chat platforms with tools and workflows, allowing teams to manage operations and incidents directly through chat.
* Using anAPI (Application Programming Interface)is the correct, scalable way to transfer incident- related data automatically from chat clients to ITSM (IT Service Management) tools, preserving traceability and reducing manual errors.
Why not manual cut/paste?
Manual processes are error-prone and slow; DevOps aims for automation and integration.
Extract-style reference:
"APIs enable seamless transfer of information between ChatOps platforms and ITSM tools, supporting automation, accuracy, and auditability in incident management."
-DevOps Handbook;ChatOps: Managing Operations and Collaboration in the Cloud, Jason Hand PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6:Promotes APIs for integration, automation, and collaboration.
質問 # 51
An incident has occurred in an organization's core mobile banking application. Individuals from several teams in the US, Germany, and India swarm into a Slack channel where together they query their continuous delivery and monitoring systems to trace the change and fault causing the problem. What BEST describes what they are practicing?
- A. Swarming
- B. IT Support
- C. Incident Management
- D. ChatOps
正解：D
解説：
ChatOpsis the practice of conducting operational work directly through chat platforms (e.g., Slack, Microsoft Teams) integrated with automation and tooling. In this case:
* Teams from multiple locations are collaborating in real-time via Slack.
* They are running commands and queries directly from the chat to the delivery and monitoring systems.
* This allows shared visibility, immediate context, and rapid action during incident resolution.
WhileA(Swarming) describes a collaborative incident response, it does not specifically imply integration with chat-based tools.C(Incident Management) is the overall process, andD(IT Support) is a function, but neither capture the specific ChatOps approach.
Thus,B - ChatOpsis the most accurate answer here.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Collaboration and ChatOps
The DevOps Handbook- Toolchains and Collaboration Integration
質問 # 52
A healthcare organization's software developers have been practicing agile development techniques and have been able to make new features available at the end of every two-week sprint cycle. But the set-up of the production processes and infrastructure means that they have to deploy to live every quarter.
Why would DevOps be a solution to their problems?
- A. DevOps is focused on software development
- B. It will break the cadence between development and IT operations
- C. IT Operations have been left behind
- D. DevOps is the same as agile
正解：C
解説：
When developers practice agile but operations is slow to deploy, it means IT Operations have not kept pace- classic "left behind" scenario. DevOps aims to align development and operations, breaking down barriers and enabling faster, safer, and more frequent deployments. DevOps is not only about development (B is incorrect), does not break cadence but instead aligns it (C is incorrect), and is not the same as agile but complements it (D is incorrect).
Reference:DevOps Foundation v3.6 syllabus section 1.5; The Phoenix Project; Accelerate.
質問 # 53
What is NOT a type of IT work?
- A. Planned work
- B. Manufacturing
- C. Business projects
- D. Unplanned work
正解：B
解説：
Manufacturingisnota type of IT work in DevOps.
DevOps classifies IT work as:
* Business projects:New value-creating work.
* Planned work:Routine, repeatable tasks (maintenance, upgrades).
* Unplanned work:Incidents, emergencies, support.
Extract-style reference:
"IT work includes business projects, planned work, and unplanned work. Manufacturing is an analogy for flow, but not a category of IT work itself."
-The Phoenix Project
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6:Recognizes these three categories to manage and improve IT workloads.
質問 # 54
In the context of DevOps. which is an effective approach when selecting tools?
- A. Standardize on a single vendor's platform
- B. Establish a toolchain
- C. Encourage both Dev and Ops individually select the best tools for their own needs
- D. Focus on testing first
正解：B
解説：
The most effective approach to tool selection in DevOps is to establish a toolchain-a set of integrated tools that support the end-to-end lifecycle (planning, coding, building, testing, releasing, deploying, operating, and monitoring).
This encourages consistency, automation, and traceability, while still allowing flexibility for teams.
Why not standardize on one vendor?
This reduces flexibility, can cause vendor lock-in, and doesn't support the varied needs of Dev and Ops teams.
Encouraging independent selection (C) increases fragmentation.
Focusing solely on testing (D) ignores the broader lifecycle.
Extract-style reference:
"Establishing an integrated toolchain provides end-to-end visibility and automation across the software delivery pipeline, aligning tools with process and cultural change."
- State of DevOps Report; DevOps Handbook
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6: Recommends a toolchain approach for supporting collaborative DevOps practices.
質問 # 55
Who are the PRIMARY stakeholders for DevOps?
- A. Security and QA testers
- B. Business representatives
- C. All of the Above
- D. Software engineers and operational teams
正解：C
解説：
In DevOps, success depends on collaboration betweenall key stakeholdersacross the software delivery value stream. This includes:
* Software Engineers & Operations Teams: Responsible for designing, building, deploying, and maintaining applications and services.
* Business Representatives: Define requirements, prioritize work, and ensure alignment with organizational goals.
* Security and QA Testers: Ensure that quality, compliance, and security are built into the delivery pipeline from the start (shift-left approach).
PeopleCert emphasizes the idea of "BizDevOps" and "DevSecOps," highlighting the need for business, development, operations, and security to work as an integrated team. The removal of silos and the inclusion of all perspectives ensure that value is delivered faster and more reliably, while maintaining quality and compliance.
Choosing only one group would miss the cross-functional nature of DevOps. Hence, the correct answer isD - All of the Above.
References:
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6 - Stakeholders Section
The DevOps Handbook- Chapter on Organizing Around Value
Accelerate- Cultural and Organizational Practices
質問 # 56
What is NOT a feature of Safety Culture?
- A. Valuing incidents
- B. Giving thanks for learning opportunities
- C. Creating Single Points of Failures (SPOFs)
- D. Blameless post-mortems
正解：C
解説：
Creating Single Points of Failure (SPOFs)is not a feature of Safety Culture-in fact, it's the opposite.
* Safety Culture in DevOps promotesblameless post-mortems,valuing incidents as learning opportunities, andthanking contributors for uncovering weaknesses.
* SPOFs increase risk and discourage experimentation.
Extract-style reference:
"Safety Culture is built on blamelessness, psychological safety, and learning from failure, not punishment.
SPOFs are an anti-pattern that increases fragility."
-The DevOps Handbook
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6: Stresses the importance of a safe, collaborative environment for innovation.
質問 # 57
What is the BEST description of the Theory of Constraints?
- A. A methodology for encouraging experimentation and learning so that organizations can identify constraints and practice for failure
- B. A methodology for identifying the most important limiting factor that stands in the way of achieving a goal
- C. A methodology for designing and implementing the processes that underpin deployment pipelines
- D. A methodology for shortening feedback loops so that IT is able to understand and respond faster to customer needs
正解：B
解説：
Theory of Constraintsis a methodology that seeks to identify the single, most important limiting factor (constraint) in a process and systematically improve it until it's no longer the limiting factor.
Extract-style reference:
"The Theory of Constraints provides a powerful framework for identifying bottlenecks (constraints) that limit system performance and focusing improvement efforts on these areas to maximize throughput."
-Goldratt's Theory of Constraints
DevOps Foundation syllabus discusses this as a foundational Lean concept, directly applicable to software delivery pipelines, where delays or resource shortages can restrict overall throughput.
質問 # 58
An organization currently manages projects using traditional waterfall methods. ITIL processes are equally rigorous. A new CIO has been hired to increase IT performance and introduce DevOps practices.
Initially, which of the following would be critical success factors for DevOps?
- A. Management commitment to culture change
- B. Forming a pilot DevOps team
- C. Both B and C
- D. Application of agile and lean methods
正解：C
解説：
Both B and C (Application of agile and lean methods + Management commitment to culture change)are critical success factors when launching DevOps in a traditional IT organization.
* Agile/Lean methods: Accelerate delivery, reduce waste, create feedback.
* Management commitment to culture change: Essential for breaking silos, changing behaviors, and making DevOps sustainable.
Forming a pilot team (A)helps, but isn't sufficient without these foundations.
Extract-style reference:
"DevOps success starts with leadership commitment to cultural change and adopting Agile and Lean principles throughout the organization."
-DevOps Handbook,State of DevOps Report
PeopleCert DevOps Foundation v3.6:Lists cultural commitment and Lean/Agile as prerequisites for DevOps transformation.
質問 # 59
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