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質問 14
Your application services run in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). You want to make sure that only images from your centrally-managed Google Container Registry (GCR) image registry in the altostrat-images project can be deployed to the cluster while minimizing development time. What should you do?
- A. Use a Binary Authorization policy that includes the whitelist name pattern gcr.io/attostrat-images/.
- B. Add a tag to each image in gcr.io/altostrat-images and check that this tag is present when the image is deployed.
- C. Add logic to the deployment pipeline to check that all manifests contain only images from gcr.io/altostrat-images.
- D. Create a custom builder for Cloud Build that will only push images to gcr.io/altostrat-images.
正解: B
質問 15
You are working with a government agency that requires you to archive application logs for seven years. You need to configure Stackdriver to export and store the logs while minimizing costs of storage. What should you do?
- A. Develop an App Engine application that pulls the logs from Stackdriver and saves them in BigQuery.
- B. Create a Cloud Storage bucket and develop your application to send logs directly to the bucket.
- C. Create an export in Stackdriver and configure Cloud Pub/Sub to store logs in permanent storage for seven years.
- D. Create a sink in Stackdriver, name it, create a bucket on Cloud Storage for storing archived logs, and then select the bucket as the log export destination.
正解: D
質問 16
You are developing a strategy for monitoring your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) projects in production using Stackdriver Workspaces. One of the requirements is to be able to quickly identify and react to production environment issues without false alerts from development and staging projects. You want to ensure that you adhere to the principle of least privilege when providing relevant team members with access to Stackdriver Workspaces. What should you do?
- A. Create a new GCP monitoring project, and create a Stackdriver Workspace inside it. Attach the production projects to this workspace. Grant relevant team members read access to the Stackdriver Workspace.
- B. Choose an existing GCP production project to host the monitoring workspace. Attach the production projects to this workspace. Grant relevant team members read access to the Stackdriver Workspace.
- C. Grant relevant team members the Project Viewer IAM role on all GCP production projects. Create Slackdriver workspaces inside each project.
- D. Grant relevant team members read access to all GCP production projects. Create Stackdriver workspaces inside each project.
正解: D
質問 17
You encountered a major service outage that affected all users of the service for multiple hours. After several hours of incident management, the service returned to normal, and user access was restored. You need to provide an incident summary to relevant stakeholders following the Site Reliability Engineering recommended practices. What should you do first?
- A. Develop a post-mortem to be distributed to stakeholders.
- B. Require the engineer responsible to write an apology email to all stakeholders.
- C. Call individual stakeholders lo explain what happened.
- D. Send the Incident State Document to all the stakeholders.
正解: D
質問 18
You manage an application that is writing logs to Stackdriver Logging. You need to give some team members the ability to export logs. What should you do?
- A. Configure Access Context Manager to allow only these members to export logs.
- B. Grant the team members the IAM role of logging.configWriter on Cloud IAM.
- C. Create an Organizational Policy in Cloud IAM to allow only these members to create log exports.
- D. Create and grant a custom IAM role with the permissions logging.sinks.list and logging.sink.get.
正解: B
解説:
https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/access-control
質問 19
You support an application running on App Engine. The application is used globally and accessed from various device types. You want to know the number of connections. You are using Stackdriver Monitoring for App Engine. What metric should you use?
- A. tcp_ssl_proxy/open_connections
- B. flex/instance/connections/current
- C. flex/connections/current
- D. tcp_ssl_proxy/new_connections
正解: C
解説:
https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/metrics_gcp#gcp-appengine
質問 20
You use Spinnaker to deploy your application and have created a canary deployment stage in the pipeline. Your application has an in-memory cache that loads objects at start time. You want to automate the comparison of the canary version against the production version. How should you configure the canary analysis?
- A. Compare the canary with the average performance of a sliding window of previous production versions.
- B. Compare the canary with a new deployment of the current production version.
- C. Compare the canary with the existing deployment of the current production version.
- D. Compare the canary with a new deployment of the previous production version.
正解: B
質問 21
You support an application deployed on Compute Engine. The application connects to a Cloud SQL instance to store and retrieve dat a. After an update to the application, users report errors showing database timeout messages. The number of concurrent active users remained stable. You need to find the most probable cause of the database timeout. What should you do?
- A. Check the serial port logs of the Compute Engine instance.
- B. Use Cloud Security Scanner to see whether your Cloud SQL is under a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack.
- C. Use Stackdriver Profiler to visualize the resources utilization throughout the application.
- D. Determine whether there is an increased number of connections to the Cloud SQL instance.
正解: D
質問 22
You encounter a large number of outages in the production systems you support. You receive alerts for all the outages that wake you up at night. The alerts are due to unhealthy systems that are automatically restarted within a minute. You want to set up a process that would prevent staff burnout while following Site Reliability Engineering practices. What should you do?
- A. Redefine the related Service Level Objective so that the error budget is not exhausted.
- B. Distribute the alerts to engineers in different time zones.
- C. Create an incident report for each of the alerts.
- D. Eliminate unactionable alerts.
正解: D
解説:
Eliminate bad monitoring : Unactionable alerts (i.e., spam) https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/meeting-reliability-challenges-with-sre-principles agree with kyubiblaze about having to remove unactionable items aka spam: "good monitoring alerts on actionable problems" @ https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/meeting-reliability-challenges-with-sre-principles
質問 23
Your team is designing a new application for deployment into Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). You need to set up monitoring to collect and aggregate various application-level metrics in a centralized location. You want to use Google Cloud Platform services while minimizing the amount of work required to set up monitoring.
What should you do?
- A. Emit all metrics in the form of application-specific log messages, pass these messages from the containers to the Stackdriver logging collector, and then observe metrics in Stackdriver.
- B. Publish various metrics from the application directly to the Stackdriver Monitoring API, and then observe these custom metrics in Stackdriver.
- C. Install the Cloud Pub/Sub client libraries, push various metrics from the application to various topics, and then observe the aggregated metrics in Stackdriver.
- D. Install the OpenTelemetry client libraries in the application, configure Stackdriver as the export destination for the metrics, and then observe the application's metrics in Stackdriver.
正解: D
質問 24
You have a pool of application servers running on Compute Engine. You need to provide a secure solution that requires the least amount of configuration and allows developers to easily access application logs for troubleshooting. How would you implement the solution on GCP?
- A. * Deploy the Stackdriver logging agent to the application servers.
* Give the developers the IAM Logs Viewer role to access Stackdriver and view logs. - B. * Install the gsutil command line tool on your application servers.
* Write a script using gsutil to upload your application log to a Cloud Storage bucket, and then schedule it to run via cron every 5 minutes.
* Give the developers IAM Object Viewer access to view the logs in the specified bucket. - C. * Deploy the Stackdriver logging agent to the application servers.
* Give the developers the IAM Logs Private Logs Viewer role to access Stackdriver and view logs. - D. * Deploy the Stackdriver monitoring agent to the application servers.
* Give the developers the IAM Monitoring Viewer role to access Stackdriver and view metrics.
正解: C
質問 25
You use Spinnaker to deploy your application and have created a canary deployment stage in the pipeline. Your application has an in-memory cache that loads objects at start time. You want to automate the comparison of the canary version against the production version. How should you configure the canary analysis?
- A. Compare the canary with a new deployment of the current production version.
- B. Compare the canary with the existing deployment of the current production version.
- C. Compare the canary with the average performance of a sliding window of previous production versions.
- D. Compare the canary with a new deployment of the previous production version.
正解: C
質問 26
You are managing an application that exposes an HTTP endpoint without using a load balancer. The latency of the HTTP responses is important for the user experience. You want to understand what HTTP latencies all of your users are experiencing. You use Stackdriver Monitoring. What should you do?
- A. * In your application, create a metric with a metricKind. set toMETRlc_KIND_UNSPECIFIEDanda valueType set to INT64.
* In Stackdriver's Metrics Explorer, use a Stacked Area graph to visualize the metric. - B. * In your application, create a metric with a metricKind set to CUMULATIVE and a valueType set to DOUBLE.
* In Stackdriver's Metrics Explorer, use a Line graph to visualize the metric. - C. * In your application, create a metric with a metricKind set to DELTA and a valueType set to DOUBLE.
* In Stackdriver's Metrics Explorer, use a Slacked Bar graph to visualize the metric. - D. * In your application, create a metric with a metricKind set to gauge and a valueType set to distribution.
* In Stackdriver's Metrics Explorer, use a Heatmap graph to visualize the metric.
正解: D
解説:
https://sre.google/workbook/implementing-slos/
https://cloud.google.com/architecture/adopting-slos/
Latency is commonly measured as a distribution. Given a distribution, you can measure various percentiles. For example, you might measure the number of requests that are slower than the historical 99th percentile.
質問 27
You support a multi-region web service running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) behind a Global HTTP'S Cloud Load Balancer (CLB). For legacy reasons, user requests first go through a third-party Content Delivery Network (CDN). which then routes traffic to the CLB. You have already implemented an availability Service Level Indicator (SLI) at the CLB level. However, you want to increase coverage in case of a potential load balancer misconfiguration. CDN failure, or other global networking catastrophe. Where should you measure this new SLI?
Choose 2 answers
- A. A synthetic client that periodically sends simulated user requests
- B. Your application servers' logs
- C. Instrumentation coded directly in the client
- D. GKE health checks for your application servers
- E. Metrics exported from the application servers
正解: A,D
質問 28
You currently store the virtual machine (VM) utilization logs in Stackdriver. You need to provide an easy-to- share interactive VM utilization dashboard that is updated in real time and contains information aggregated on a quarterly basis. You want to use Google Cloud Platform solutions. What should you do?
- A. 1. Export VM utilization logs from Stackdriver to BigQuery.
2. From BigQuery, export the logs to a CSV file.
3. Import the CSV file into Google Sheets.
4. Build a dashboard in Google Sheets and share it with your stakeholders. - B. 1. Export VM utilization logs from Stackdriver to BigQuery.
2. Create a dashboard in Data Studio.
3. Share the dashboard with your stakeholders. - C. 1. Export VM utilization logs from Stackdriver to Cloud Pub/Sub.
2. From Cloud Pub/Sub, send the logs to a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system.
3. Build the dashboards in the SIEM system and share with your stakeholders. - D. 1. Export VM utilization logs from Stackdriver to a Cloud Storage bucket.
2. Enable the Cloud Storage API to pull the logs programmatically.
3. Build a custom data visualization application.
4. Display the pulled logs in a custom dashboard.
正解: B
質問 29
Your application runs on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). You need to implement Jenkins for deploying application releases to GCP. You want to streamline the release process, lower operational toil, and keep user data secure. What should you do?
- A. Implement Jenkins on local workstations.
- B. Implement Jenkins on Google Cloud Functions.
- C. Implement Jenkins on Kubernetes on-premises
- D. Implement Jenkins on Compute Engine virtual machines.
正解: D
解説:
Your application runs on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). You need to implement Jenkins for deploying application releases to GCP. You want to streamline the release process, lower operational toil, and keep user data secure. What should you do?
https://plugins.jenkins.io/google-compute-engine/
質問 30
Your product is currently deployed in three Google Cloud Platform (GCP) zones with your users divided between the zones. You can fail over from one zone to another, but it causes a 10-minute service disruption for the affected users. You typically experience a database failure once per quarter and can detect it within five minutes. You are cataloging the reliability risks of a new real-time chat feature for your product. You catalog the following information for each risk:
* Mean Time to Detect (MUD} in minutes
* Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) in minutes
* Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) in days
* User Impact Percentage
The chat feature requires a new database system that takes twice as long to successfully fail over between zones. You want to account for the risk of the new database failing in one zone. What would be the values for the risk of database failover with the new system?
- A. MTTD:5
MTTR: 20
MTBF: 90
Impact: 33% - B. MTTD: 5
MTTR: 10
MTBF: 90
Impact: 33% - C. MTTD:5
MTTR: 10
MTBF: 90
Impact 50% - D. MTTD:5
MTTR: 20
MTBF: 90
Impact: 50%
正解: B
質問 31
You are using Stackdriver to monitor applications hosted on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). You recently deployed a new application, but its logs are not appearing on the Stackdriver dashboard.
You need to troubleshoot the issue. What should you do?
- A. Confirm that the application is using the required client library and the service account key has proper permissions.
- B. Confirm that the Stackdriver agent has been installed in the hosting virtual machine.
- C. Confirm that port 25 has been opened in the firewall to allow messages through to Stackdriver.
- D. Confirm that your account has the proper permissions to use the Stackdriver dashboard.
正解: D
質問 32
You are on-call for an infrastructure service that has a large number of dependent systems. You receive an alert indicating that the service is failing to serve most of its requests and all of its dependent systems with hundreds of thousands of users are affected. As part of your Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) incident management protocol, you declare yourself Incident Commander (IC) and pull in two experienced people from your team as Operations Lead (OLJ and Communications Lead (CL). What should you do next?
- A. Establish a communication channel where incident responders and leads can communicate with each other.
- B. Start a postmortem, add incident information, circulate the draft internally, and ask internal stakeholders for input.
- C. Look for ways to mitigate user impact and deploy the mitigations to production.
- D. Contact the affected service owners and update them on the status of the incident.
正解: C
質問 33
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