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Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 20
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settingsfor SSL certificate inspection?
- A. FortiGate uses the 31 information from the Subject field in the server certificate.
- B. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration
- C. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user's web browser.
- D. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
正解：B
解説：
* SNI and Certificate Mismatch:When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
* Default Action:FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.
References:
* Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
質問 # 21
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The npu_flag for this tunnel is 03.
- B. Anti-replay is enabled.
- C. The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02
- D. Different SPI values are a result of auto-negotiation being disabled for phase 2 selectors.
正解：B、C
解説：
* Anti-replay Enabled:
* The exhibit showsreplay: enabled, which confirms that anti-replay is enabled for this IPsec tunnel. Anti-replay is a security feature that prevents replay attacks by ensuring that packets are not duplicated or reused.
* NPU Acceleration:
* TheNPU acceleration: encryption (outbound) decryption (inbound)line indicates that Network Processing Unit (NPU) acceleration is used.
* The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02. This indicates that encryption and decryption are handled by the NPU, improving the performance of the VPN tunnel.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 22
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time RADIUS debug.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A. Two-factor authentication was required.
- B. The RADIUS server queried for authentication is located at IP address 172.25.188.164.
- C. Authentication was successful
- D. The authentication scheme used was pop3.
- E. Authentication was unsuccessful.
正解：B、E
解説：
* RADIUS Server IP Address:
* The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164.
This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
* Authentication Result:
* The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
* Authentication Scheme:
* The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
* Two-factor Authentication:
* There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
質問 # 23
Refer to the exhibit, which shows two entries that were generated in the FSSO collector agent logs.
What three conclusions can you draw from these log entries? (Choose three.)
- A. The user's status shows as "not verified" in the collector agent
- B. The FortiGate firmware version is not compatible with that of the collector agent
- C. DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name.
- D. Remote registry is not running on the workstation.
- E. A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445.
正解：C、D、E
解説：
The exhibit shows log entries from the FSSO (Fortinet Single Sign-On) collector agent logs. These logs provide insights into why there might be issues with the collector agent connecting to workstations or the registry.
* Remote registry is not running on the workstation: The failure to connect to the workstation registry
* can occur if the remote registry service on the workstation is not running. This service needs to be active to allow the FSSO collector agent to query the workstation for user login information.
* DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name: The logs indicate a failure in connecting to a workstation by name, which can happen if the DNS server is unable to resolve the workstation's name to an IP address. This is a common issue when the DNS settings are incorrect or the workstation name is not properly registered in the DNS.
* A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445: Communication issues to the workstation or registry are often caused by firewall rules blocking essential ports. Ports 139 (NetBIOS) and 445 (SMB) are critical for these operations. Ensure these ports are open on both the workstation and any intermediate firewalls.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on FSSO Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community on FSSO Collector Agent Issues
質問 # 24
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of getrouterinfo bgp neighbors100.64.2.254.
What can you conclude from the output?
- A. The BGP state of the two BGP participants is OpenConfirm.
- B. The router ID of the neighbor is 100.64.2.254.
- C. The BGP neighbor is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to the local router.
- D. The local router is adverting the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its BGP neighbor.
正解：D
解説：
* BGP Advertisement:The output from the commandget router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routesshows the routes that the local router is advertising to its BGP neighbor.
* Output Analysis:
* TheNetworkcolumn lists the networks being advertised.
* TheNext Hopcolumn indicates the next-hop IP address for these routes.
* The line*> 10.20.30.40/24 100.64.2.1indicates that the 10.20.30.40/24 network is being advertised with a next-hop of 100.64.2.1.
* Local Router's Role:Since the output lists the advertised routes, it means that the local router (with router ID 172.16.1.254) is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its neighbor 100.64.2.254.
This confirms that the local router is indeed advertising the specified network to its BGP neighbor.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding BGP Route Advertisements(Fortinet Document Library)(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 25
Which three conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.)
- A. Authentication settings match.
- B. OSPF interface priority settings are unique
- C. OSPF link costs match.
- D. OSPF router IDs are unique.
- E. OSPF interface network types match
正解：A、D、E
解説：
* OSPF Interface Network Types:
* The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network
* types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
* Authentication Settings:
* Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
* OSPF Router IDs:
* Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.
* Link Costs and Interface Priority:
* While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* OSPF Configuration Guides
質問 # 26
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator is attempting to advertise the network configured on port3. However, FGT-A is not receiving the prefix.
Which two actions can the administrator take to fix this problem'' (Choose two.)
- A. Use the set network-import-check disable command.
- B. Restart BGP using a soft reset, which forces both peers to exchange their complete BGP routing tables.
- C. Manually add the BGP route on FGT-A.
- D. Modify the prefix using the network command from 172.16.0.0/16 to 172.16.54.0724.
正解：A、B
解説：
* Soft Reset of BGP:
* Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being
* received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.
* This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.
* Network Import Check:
* Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.
* Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.
* The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.
* BGP Configuration Verification:
* Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network
172.16.54.0/24.
* Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate(Fortinet Document Library).
質問 # 27
What is the diagnosetest applicationipsmonitor 5 command used for?
- A. To provide information regarding IPS sessions
- B. To enable IPS bypass mode
- C. To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- D. To disable the IPS engine
正解：C
解説：
The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
* Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
* This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.
質問 # 28
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
- B. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
- C. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
- D. Modify the default gateway on thelaptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
正解：A
解説：
* Current Configuration Analysis:
* The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
* However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
* Required Configuration:
* To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
* The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Steps to Configure:
* Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
* Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
* Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
質問 # 29
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of FortiOS kernel slabs.
Which statement is true?
- A. The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.
- B. The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- C. The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space
- D. The total slab size of the tcp_sessior. slab Is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.
正解：B
解説：
* Kernel Slabs Overview:
* The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.
* Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.
* The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details(Hammertux).
質問 # 30
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a real-time debug.
Which statement about this output is true?
- A. The server hostname was extracted from the SNI in the client request, or from the CN in the server certificate
- B. This web request was inspected using the rtgd-allowweb filter profile.
- C. The requested URL belongs to category ID 255.
- D. FortiGate found the requested URL in its local cache.
正解：A
解説：
The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.
* SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.
* CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.
Given that the debug output includes the hostname "training.fortinet.com," it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging
質問 # 31
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows partial outputs from two routing debug commands.
Why is the port 2 default route not in the second command output?
- A. The port1 default route has a lower distance than the default route using port2-
- B. The port1 default route has a higher priority value than the default route using port2.
- C. The port1default route has a lower priority value than the default route using port2.
- D. The port2 interlace is disabled in the FortiGate configuration.
正解：A
解説：
* Routing Table Analysis:
* The first command output (get router info routing-table database) shows two default routes:
* One viaport1with a distance of10.
* One viaport2with a distance of20.
* The second command output (get router info routing-table all) only shows the route viaport1.
* Administrative Distance:
* The administrative distance (AD) is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the distance, the more preferred the route.
* In this scenario, the route viaport1has a lower distance (10) compared to the route viaport2(20), making it the preferred route.
* Route Selection:
* Since the route viaport1has a lower distance, it is the only one installed in the active routing table, which is why it appears in the second command output, and theport2route does not.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Routing behavior depending on distance and priority(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet GURU: Route priority and administrative distance explanations(Fortinet GURU).
質問 # 32
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionstat. Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
- A. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.
- B. 162 sessions have been deleted because of memory page exhaustion.
- C. AII the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.
- D. There are two sessions that have not been removed in case of any out-of-order packets that arrive.
正解：A
解説：
* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
質問 # 33
Refer to the exhibit,which shows the output of a diagnose command
What two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
- A. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.0.1.10.
- B. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.200.1.1.
- C. This is a pinhole session created to allow traffic for a protocol that requires additional sessions to operate through FortiGate.
- D. This is an expected session created by the IPS engine.
正解：A、C
解説：
* Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.
* Routing Decision:
* The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.
* The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.
* Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.
* Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(ebin.pub).
* General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 34
Which statement is correct regarding LDAP authentication using the regular bind type?
- A. The regular bind typerequires a FortiGate super_adminaccount.
- B. The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on FortiOS.
- C. The regular bind type goes through four steps to successfully authenticate a user.
- D. The regular bind type cannot be used if users are authenticated using sAMAccountName.
正解：C
解説：
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.
* Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.
* Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.
* Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.
* Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.
* Explanation of answer:
* The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.
* The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides
質問 # 35
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a BGP debug command.
Which statement explains why the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer is Connect?
- A. The local router is receiving BGP keepalives from the remote peer, but the local peer has not received the OpenConf inn yet.
- B. The local router initiated the BGP session to 10.200.3.1 but did not receive a response.
- C. The router 10.200.3.1 has authentication configured for BGP and the local router does not.
- D. The local router has a different AS number than the remote peer.
正解：B
解説：
The BGP summary output shows the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer as "Connect." This state indicates that the local router has attempted to initiate a BGP session with the peer, but the peer has not yet responded to the initial connection request.
* State Explanation: The "Connect" state in BGP indicates that the TCP connection has been initiated but
* is waiting for a response. If the peer does not respond within the configured timers, the session will transition to the "Active" state and retry the connection.
* Possible Causes: This can occur due to network issues preventing the peer from responding, a misconfiguration on the peer device, or issues like access control lists (ACLs) blocking the BGP traffic.
To troubleshoot, check the connectivity between the routers, ensure that the BGP configurations on both sides match, and verify that there are no firewalls or ACLs blocking the BGP packets.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on BGP Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community Discussion on BGP State Issues
質問 # 36
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