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質問 # 10
SD-WAN is configured on a FortiGate. You notice that when one of the internet links has high latency the time to resolve names using DNS from FortiGate is very high.
You must ensure that the FortiGate DNS resolution times are as low as possible with the least amount of work.
What should you configure?
- A. Configure two DNS servers and use DNS servers recommended by the two internet providers.
- B. Configure local out traffic to use the outgoing interface based on SD-WAN rules with the interface IP and configure an SD-WAN rule to the DNS server.
- C. Configure an SD-WAN rule to the DNS server and use the FortiGate interface IPs in the source address.
- D. Configure local out traffic to use the outgoing interface based on SD-WAN rules with a manual defined IP associated to a loopback interface and configure an SD-WAN rule from the loopback to the DNS server.
正解：B
解説：
SD-WAN is a feature that allows users to optimize network performance and reliability by using multiple WAN links and applying rules based on various criteria, such as latency, jitter, packet loss, etc. One way to ensure that the FortiGate DNS resolution times are as low as possible with the least amount of work is to configure local out traffic to use the outgoing interface based on SD-WAN rules with the interface IP and configure an SD-WAN rule to the DNS server. This means that the FortiGate will use the best WAN link available to send DNS queries to the DNS server according to the SD-WAN rule, and use its own interface IP as the source address. This avoids NAT issues and ensures optimal DNS performance. References: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/sd-wan/19662/sd-wan
質問 # 11
A customer's cybersecurity department needs to implement security for the traffic between two VPCs in AWS, but these belong to different departments within the company. The company uses a single region for all their VPCs.
Which two actions will achieve this requirement while keeping separate management of each department's VPC? (Choose two.)
- A. Create an 1AM account for the cybersecurity department to manage both existing VPC, create a FortiGate HA Cluster on each VPC and IPSEC VPN to force traffic between the VPCs through the FortiGate clusters
- B. Create a transit VPC with a FortiGate HA cluster, connect to the other two using VPC peering, and use routing tables to force traffic through the FortiGate cluster.
- C. Create a VPC with a FortiGate auto-scaling group with a Transit Gateway attached to the three VPC to force routing through the FortiGate cluster
- D. Migrate all the instances to the same VPC and create 1AM accounts for each department, then implement a new subnet for a FortiGate auto-scaling group and use routing tables to force the traffic through the FortiGate cluster.
正解：B、C
解説：
To implement security for the traffic between two VPCs in AWS, while keeping separate management of each department's VPC, two possible actions are:
Create a transit VPC with a FortiGate HA cluster, connect to the other two using VPC peering, and use routing tables to force traffic through the FortiGate cluster. This option allows the cybersecurity department to manage the transit VPC and apply security policies on the FortiGate cluster, while the other departments can manage their own VPCs and instances. The VPC peering connections enable direct communication between the VPCs without using public IPs or gateways. The routing tables can be configured to direct all inter-VPC traffic to the transit VPC.
Create a VPC with a FortiGate auto-scaling group with a Transit Gateway attached to the three VPCs to force routing through the FortiGate cluster. This option also allows the cybersecurity department to manage the security VPC and apply security policies on the FortiGate cluster, while the other departments can manage their own VPCs and instances. The Transit Gateway acts as a network hub that connects multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The routing tables can be configured to direct all inter-VPC traffic to the security VPC. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate-public-cloud/7.2.0/aws-administration-guide/506140/connecting-a-local-fortigate-to-an-aws-vpc-vpn https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate-public-cloud/7.0.0/sd-wan-architecture-for-enterprise/166334/sd-wan-configuration
質問 # 12
Refer to the exhibit.
A customer wants FortiClient EMS configured to deploy to 1500 endpoints. The deployment will be integrated with FortiOS and there is an Active Directory server.
Given the configuration shown in the exhibit, which two statements about the installation are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The Windows clients only require "File and Printer Sharing0 allowed and the rest is handled by Active Directory group policy
- B. A client can be eligible for multiple enabled configurations on the EMS server, and one will be chosen based on first priority
- C. If no client update time is specified on EMS, the user will be able to choose the time of installation if they wish to delay.
- D. You must use Standard or Enterprise SQL Server rather than the included SQL Server Express
- E. You can only deploy initial installations to Windows clients.
正解：A、C
解説：
A is correct because if no client update time is specified on EMS, the user will be able to choose the time of installation if they wish to delay. This is because the FortiClient EMS server will not force the installation on the client.
E is correct because the Windows clients only require "File and Printer Sharing" allowed and the rest is handled by Active Directory group policy. This is because the Active Directory group policy will configure the Windows clients to automatically install FortiClient and the FortiClient EMS server will only need to push the initial configuration to the clients.
The other options are incorrect. Option B is incorrect because a client can only be eligible for one enabled configuration on the EMS server. Option C is incorrect because you can deploy initial installations to both Windows and macOS clients. Option D is incorrect because you can use the included SQL Server Express to deploy FortiClient EMS.
References:
Deploying FortiClient EMS | FortiClient / FortiOS 7.4.0 - Fortinet Document Library Configuring FortiClient EMS | FortiClient / FortiOS 7.4.0 - Fortinet Document Library FortiClient EMS installation requirements | FortiClient / FortiOS 7.4.0 - Fortinet Document Library
質問 # 13
Refer to the CLI configuration of an SSL inspection profile from a FortiGate device configured to protect a web server:
Based on the information shown, what is the expected behavior when an HTTP/2 request comes in?
- A. FortiGate will reject all HTTP/2 ALPN headers.
- B. FortiGate will rewrite the ALPN header to request HTTP/1.
- C. FortiGate will strip the ALPN header and forward the traffic.
- D. FortiGate will forward the traffic without modifying the ALPN header.
正解：C
解説：
When an HTTP/2 request comes in, FortiGate will strip the Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) header and forward the traffic as HTTP/1.1 to the real server. This is because FortiGate does not support HTTP/2 inspection, and therefore cannot process ALPN headers that indicate HTTP/2 support. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/6.4.0/cookbook/103438/application-detection-on-ssl-offloaded-traffic
質問 # 14
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a VPN topology.
The device IP 10.1.100.40 downloads a file from the FTP server IP 192.168.4.50 Referring to the exhibit, what will be the traffic flow behavior if ADVPN is configured in this environment?
- A. ADVPN is not supported when spokes are behind NAT
- B. Spoke1 will establish an ADVPN shortcut to Spoke2
- C. All the session traffic will pass through the Hub
- D. The TCP port 21 must be allowed on the NAT Device2
正解：B
解説：
D is correct because Spoke1 will establish an ADVPN shortcut to Spoke2 when it detects that there is a demand for traffic between them. This is explained in the Fortinet Community article on Technical Tip: Fortinet Auto Discovery VPN (ADVPN) under Summary - ADVPN sequence of events. References: https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-Fortinet-Auto-Discovery-VPN-ADVPN/ta-p/195698
質問 # 15
Refer to the exhibit.
A customer has deployed a FortiGate 200F high-availability (HA) cluster that contains & TPM chip. The exhibit shows output from the FortiGate CLI session where the administrator enabled TPM.
Following these actions, the administrator immediately notices that both FortiGate high availability (HA) status and FortiManager status for the FortiGate are negatively impacted.
What are the two reasons for this behavior? (Choose two.)
- A. Configuration for TPM is not synchronized between FortiGate HA cluster members.
- B. TPM functionality is not yet compatible with FortiGate HA D The administrator needs to manually enter the hex private data encryption key in FortiManager
- C. The private-data-encryption key entered on the primary did not match the value that the TPM expected.
- D. The FortiGate has not finished the auto-update process to synchronize the new configuration to FortiManager yet.
正解：A、C
解説：
The two reasons for the negative impact on the FortiGate HA status and FortiManager status after enabling TPM are:
The private-data-encryption key entered on the primary unit did not match the value that the TPM expected. This could happen if the TPM was previously enabled and then disabled, and the key was changed in between. The TPM will reject the new key and cause an error in the configuration synchronization.
Configuration for TPM is not synchronized between FortiGate HA cluster members. Each cluster member must have the same private-data-encryption key to form a valid HA cluster and synchronize their configurations. However, enabling TPM on one unit does not automatically enable it on the other units, and the key must be manually entered on each unit. To resolve these issues, the administrator should disable TPM on all units, clear the TPM data, and then enable TPM again with the same private-data-encryption key on each unit. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/6.4.0/cookbook/103437/inbound-ssl-inspection https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/6.4.0/cookbook/103438/application-detection-on-ssl-offloaded-traffic
質問 # 16
Refer to the exhibit.
You are deploying a FortiGate 6000F. The device should be directly connected to a switch. In the future, a new hardware module providing higher speed will be installed in the switch, and the connection to the FortiGate must be moved to this higher-speed port.
You must ensure that the initial FortiGate interface connected to the switch does not affect any other port when the new module is installed and the new port speed is defined.
How should the initial connection be made?
- A. Connect the switch on any interface between ports 25 to 28
- B. Connect the switch on any interface between ports 1 to 4
- C. Connect the switch on any interface between ports 21 to 24
- D. Connect the switch on any interface between ports 5 to 8.
正解：B
解説：
The FortiGate 6000F has 24 1/10/25-Gbps SFP28 data network interfaces (1 to 24). These interfaces are divided into the following interface groups: 1 to 4, 5 to 8, 9 to 12, 13 to 16, 17 to 20, and 21 to 24. The ports 25 to 28 are 40/100-Gbps QSFP28 data network interfaces.
The initial connection should be made to any interface between ports 1 to 4. This is because the ports 21 to 24 are part of the same interface group, and changing the speed of one of these ports will affect the speeds of all of the ports in the group. The ports 5 to 8 are also part of the same interface group, so they should not be used for the initial connection.
The new hardware module that will be installed in the switch will provide higher speed ports. When this module is installed, the speed of the ports 21 to 24 will be increased. However, this will not affect the ports 1 to 4, because they are not part of the same interface group.
Therefore, the initial connection should be made to any interface between ports 1 to 4, in order to ensure that the FortiGate interface connected to the switch does not affect any other port when the new module is installed and the new port speed is defined.
Reference:
FortiGate 6000F Front Panel Interfaces: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate-6000/hardware/fortigate-6000f-system-guide/827055/front-panel-interfaces
質問 # 17
You are responsible for recommending an adapter type for NICs on a FortiGate VM that will run on an ESXi Hypervisor. Your recommendation must consider performance as the main concern, cost is not a factor. Which adapter type for the NICs will you recommend?
- A. Physical Function (PF) PCI Passthrough
- B. Virtual Function (VF) PCI Passthrough
- C. Native ESXi Networking with E1000
- D. Native ESXi Networking with VMXNET3
正解：D
解説：
The FortiGate VM is a virtual firewall appliance that can run on various hypervisors, such as ESXi, Hyper-V, KVM, etc. The adapter type for NICs on a FortiGate VM determines the performance and compatibility of the network interface cards with the hypervisor and the physical network. There are different adapter types available for NICs on a FortiGate VM, such as E1000, VMXNET3, SR-IOV, etc. If performance is the main concern and cost is not a factor, one option is to use native ESXi networking with VMXNET3 adapter type for NICs on a FortiGate VM that will run on an ESXi hypervisor. VMXNET3 is a paravirtualized network interface card that is optimized for performance in virtual machines and supports features such as multiqueue support, Receive Side Scaling (RSS), Large Receive Offload (LRO), IPv6 offloads, and MSI/MSI-X interrupt delivery. Native ESXi networking means that the FortiGate VM uses the standard virtual switch (vSwitch) or distributed virtual switch (dvSwitch) provided by the ESXi hypervisor to connect to the physical network. This option can provide high performance and compatibility for NICs on a FortiGate VM without requiring additional hardware or software components. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/vm-installation-for-vmware-esxi/19662/installing-fortigate-vm-on-vmware-esxi https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/vm-installation-for-vmware-esxi/19662/networking
質問 # 18
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the high availability configuration for the FortiAuthenticator (FAC1).
Based on this information, which statement is true about the next FortiAuthenticator (FAC2) member that will join an HA cluster with this FortiAuthenticator (FAC1)?
- A. The FortiToken license will need to be installed on the FAC2.
- B. FAC2 can have its HA interface on a different network than FAC1.
- C. FSSO sessions from FAC1 will be synchronized to FAC2.
- D. FAC2 can only process requests when FAC1 fails.
正解：C
解説：
When FortiAuthenticator operates in cluster mode, it provides active-passive failover and synchronization of all configuration and data, including FSSO sessions, between the cluster members. Therefore, if FAC1 is the active unit and FAC2 is the standby unit, any FSSO sessions from FAC1 will be synchronized to FAC2. If FAC1 fails, FAC2 will take over the active role and continue to process the FSSO sessions. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiauthenticator/6.1.2/administration-guide/122076/high-availability
質問 # 19
An automation stitch was configured using an incoming webhook as the trigger named 'my_incoming_webhook'. The action is configured to execute the CLI Script shown:
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
正解：B
解説：
The CLI script in option A will send the log message to the webhook server. The webhook server can then be configured to take any desired action, such as storing the log message in a database or sending an email notification.
The other options are incorrect. Option B will not send the log message to the webhook server because it does not contain the curl command. Option C will send the log message to the webhook server, but it will also include the FortiGate's IP address and MAC address. This information is not necessary, and it could be used by an attacker to identify the FortiGate. Option D will not send the log message to the webhook server because it does not contain the webhook action.
References:
Automation webhook stitches: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.4.0/administration-guide/989735/webhook-action Webhooks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhook
質問 # 20
Refer to the exhibits.
A customer has deployed a FortiGate with iBGP and eBGP routing enabled. HQ is receiving routes over eBGP from ISP 2; however, only certain routes are showing up in the routing table-Assume that BGP is working perfectly and that the only possible modifications to the routing table are solely due to the prefix list that is applied on HQ.
Given the exhibits, which two routes will be active in the routing table on the HQ firewall? (Choose two.)
- A. 172.16.204.128/25
- B. 172.16.201.96/29
- C. 172,620,64,27
- D. 172.16.204.64/27
正解：A、D
解説：
The prefix list in the exhibit is configured to match prefixes that are either in the 172.16.204.0/24 subnet or in the 172.62.0.0/16 subnet. The routes that match these prefixes will be active in the routing table on the HQ firewall.
The routes that match the following prefixes will not be active in the routing table:
172.16.201.96/29
172.62.0.64/27
These routes do not match the criteria set by the prefix list.
References:
Prefix lists | FortiGate / FortiOS 7.4.0 - Fortinet Document Library
Configuring BGP | FortiGate / FortiOS 7.4.0 - Fortinet Document Library
質問 # 21
Review the VPN configuration shown in the exhibit.
What is the Forward Error Correction behavior if the SD-WAN network traffic download is 500 Mbps and has 8% of packet loss in the environment?
- A. 1 redundant packet for every 10 base packets
- B. 3 redundant packet for every 9 base packets
- C. 2 redundant packet for every 8 base packets
- D. 3 redundant packet for every 5 base packets
正解：C
解説：
The FEC configuration in the exhibit specifies that if the packet loss is greater than 10%, then the FEC mapping will be 8 base packets and 2 redundant packets. The download bandwidth of 500 Mbps is not greater than 950 Mbps, so the FEC mapping is not overridden by the bandwidth setting. Therefore, the FEC behavior will be 2 redundant packets for every 8 base packets.
Here is the explanation of the FEC mappings in the exhibit:
Packet loss greater than 10%: 8 base packets and 2 redundant packets.
Upload bandwidth greater than 950 Mbps: 9 base packets and 3 redundant packets.
The mappings are matched from top to bottom, so the first mapping that matches the conditions will be used. In this case, the first mapping matches because the packet loss is greater than 10%. Therefore, the FEC behavior will be 2 redundant packets for every 8 base packets.
質問 # 22
Refer to the CLI output:
Given the information shown in the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. Geographical IP policies are enabled and evaluated after local techniques.
- B. An IP address that was previously used by an attacker will always be blocked
- C. The IP Reputation feature has been manually updated
- D. Reputation from blacklisted IP addresses from DHCP or PPPoE pools can be restored
- E. Attackers can be blocked before they target the servers behind the FortiWeb.
正解：D、E
解説：
The CLI output shown in the exhibit indicates that FortiWeb has enabled IP Reputation feature with local techniques enabled and geographical IP policies enabled after local techniques (set geoip-policy-order after-local). IP Reputation feature is a feature that allows FortiWeb to block or allow traffic based on the reputation score of IP addresses, which reflects their past malicious activities or behaviors. Local techniques are methods that FortiWeb uses to dynamically update its own blacklist based on its own detection of attacks or violations from IP addresses (such as signature matches, rate limiting, etc.). Geographical IP policies are rules that FortiWeb uses to block or allow traffic based on the geographical location of IP addresses (such as country, region, city, etc.). Therefore, based on the output, one correct statement is that attackers can be blocked before they target the servers behind the FortiWeb. This is because FortiWeb can use IP Reputation feature to block traffic from IP addresses that have a low reputation score or belong to a blacklisted location, which prevents them from reaching the servers and launching attacks. Another correct statement is that reputation from blacklisted IP addresses from DHCP or PPPoE pools can be restored. This is because FortiWeb can use local techniques to remove IP addresses from its own blacklist if they stop sending malicious traffic for a certain period of time (set local-techniques-expire-time), which allows them to regain their reputation and access the servers. This is useful for IP addresses that are dynamically assigned by DHCP or PPPoE and may change frequently. References: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiweb/6.4.0/administration-guide/19662/ip-reputation https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiweb/6.4.0/administration-guide/19662/geographical-ip-policies
質問 # 23
You are troubleshooting a FortiMail Cloud service integrated with Office 365 where outgoing emails are not reaching the recipients' mail What are two possible reasons for this problem? (Choose two.)
- A. The FortiMail access control rule to relay from Office 365 servers FQDN is missing.
- B. The FortiMail access control rules to relay from Office 365 servers public IPs are missing.
- C. A Mail Flow connector from the Exchange Admin Center has not been set properly to the FortiMail Cloud FQDN.
- D. The FortiMail DKIM key was not set using the Auto Generation option.
正解：B、C
解説：
FortiMail Cloud service is a cloud-based email security solution that integrates with Office 365 to provide protection against spam, malware, phishing, data loss, etc. To use FortiMail Cloud service with Office 365, users need to configure both FortiMail Cloud settings and Office 365 settings properly. One possible reason for outgoing emails not reaching the recipients' mailboxes is that the FortiMail access control rules to relay from Office 365 servers public IPs are missing. This means that FortiMail Cloud service does not recognize the Office 365 servers as authorized senders and rejects the outgoing emails. Users need to add the Office 365 servers public IPs to the FortiMail access control rules to allow relaying. Another possible reason for outgoing emails not reaching the recipients' mailboxes is that a Mail Flow connector from the Exchange Admin Center has not been set properly to the FortiMail Cloud FQDN. This means that Office 365 does not route the outgoing emails to the FortiMail Cloud service for scanning and delivery. Users need to create a Mail Flow connector from the Exchange Admin Center and specify the FortiMail Cloud FQDN as the smart host. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortimail-cloud/6.4.0/administration-guide/19662/integrating-fortimail-cloud-with-office-365
質問 # 24
What is the benefit of using FortiGate NAC LAN Segments?
- A. It provides physical isolation without changing the IP address of hosts.
- B. It allows for assignment of dynamic address objects matching NAC policy.
- C. It provides support for multiple DHCP servers within the same VLAN.
- D. It provides support for IGMP snooping between hosts within the same VLAN
正解：B
解説：
FortiGate NAC LAN Segments are a feature that allows users to assign different VLANs to different LAN segments without changing the IP address of hosts or bouncing the switch port. This provides physical isolation while maintaining firewall sessions and avoiding DHCP issues. One benefit of using FortiGate NAC LAN Segments is that it allows for assignment of dynamic address objects matching NAC policy. This means that users can create firewall policies based on dynamic address objects that match the NAC policy criteria, such as device type, OS type, MAC address, etc. This simplifies firewall policy management and enhances security by applying different security profiles to different types of devices. Reference: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/new-features/856212/nac-lan-segments-7-0-1
質問 # 25
Refer to the exhibits.
A customer wants to deploy 12 FortiAP 431F devices on high density conference center, but they do not currently have any PoE switches to connect them to. They want to be able to run them at full power while having network redundancy From the FortiSwitch models and sample retail prices shown in the exhibit, which build of materials would have the lowest cost, while fulfilling the customer's requirements?
- A. 2x FortiSwitch 124E-FPOE
- B. 1x FortiSwitch 248EFPOE
- C. 2x FortiSwitch 248E-FPOE
- D. 2x FortiSwitch 224E-POE
正解：C
解説：
The customer wants to deploy 12 FortiAP 431F devices on a high density conference center, but they do not have any PoE switches to connect them to. They want to be able to run them at full power while having network redundancy. PoE switches are switches that can provide both data and power to connected devices over Ethernet cables, eliminating the need for separate power adapters or outlets. PoE switches are useful for deploying devices such as wireless access points, IP cameras, and VoIP phones in locations where power outlets are scarce or inconvenient. The FortiAP 431F is a wireless access point that supports PoE+ (IEEE 802.3at) standard, which can deliver up to 30W of power per port. The FortiAP 431F has a maximum power consumption of 25W when running at full power. Therefore, to run 12 FortiAP 431F devices at full power, the customer needs PoE switches that can provide at least 300W of total PoE power budget (25W x 12). The customer also needs network redundancy, which means that they need at least two PoE switches to connect the FortiAP devices in case one switch fails or loses power. From the FortiSwitch models and sample retail prices shown in the exhibit, the build of materials that has the lowest cost while fulfilling the customer's requirements is 2x FortiSwitch 248E-FPOE. The FortiSwitch 248E-FPOE is a PoE switch that has 48 GE ports with PoE+ capability and a total PoE power budget of 370W. It also has 4x 10 GE SFP+ uplink ports for high-speed connectivity. The sample retail price of the FortiSwitch 248E-FPOE is $1,995, which means that two units will cost $3,990. This is the lowest cost among the other options that can meet the customer's requirements. Option A is incorrect because the FortiSwitch 248EFPOE is a non-PoE switch that has no PoE capability or power budget. It cannot provide power to the FortiAP devices over Ethernet cables. Option B is incorrect because the FortiSwitch 224E-POE is a PoE switch that has only 24 GE ports with PoE+ capability and a total PoE power budget of 185W. It cannot provide enough ports or power to run 12 FortiAP devices at full power. Option D is incorrect because the FortiSwitch 124E-FPOE is a PoE switch that has only 24 GE ports with PoE+ capability and a total PoE power budget of 185W. It cannot provide enough ports or power to run 12 FortiAP devices at full power. References: https://www.fortinet.com/content/dam/fortinet/assets/data-sheets/FortiSwitch_Secure_Access_Series.pdf https://www.fortinet.com/content/dam/fortinet/assets/data-sheets/FortiAP_400_Series.pdf
質問 # 26
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