[2025年05月06日]PassTest CASM試験練習テスト問題（更新された42問あります)
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質問 # 22
An organization is currently managing some very complex projects and is struggling to keep team members properly focused so they deliver results on time. Which of the following could BEST help the teams focus on immediate needs and get more done?
- A. Lean
- B. ITIL
- C. DevOps
- D. Scrum
正解：D
解説：
Scrum provides a framework for managing complex work by breaking it into manageable Sprints, fostering team collaboration, and delivering incremental results.
A . Incorrect. While Lean optimizes processes and removes waste, Scrum provides a structured framework to manage focus in complex projects.
B . Incorrect. DevOps improves collaboration between development and operations but does not provide specific mechanisms for managing focus in complex projects.
C . Incorrect. ITIL focuses on service management rather than iterative project delivery.
D . Correct. Scrum's iterative and incremental approach helps teams focus on immediate priorities and deliver value regularly.
Reference:
Scrum Guide 2020
Agile Practices for Complex Project Management
質問 # 23
Which statement describes the Definition of Done?
- A. From the Sprint Review, a description of what was completed during the Sprint
- B. Shared understanding of expectations for an increment or backlog item
- C. Items that need to be completed during the Sprint for success
- D. When a Team completes all of their work for a Sprint
正解：B
解説：
The Definition of Done (DoD) is a shared understanding of what constitutes completeness for a backlog item or increment, ensuring transparency and quality.
A . Incorrect. This describes Sprint requirements, not the Definition of Done.
B . Correct. The DoD is an agreement among the team about the criteria that must be met for work to be considered done.
C . Incorrect. The Sprint Review reflects completed work but does not define the DoD.
D . Incorrect. Completing work for a Sprint doesn't necessarily mean adhering to the DoD.
Reference:
Scrum Guide 2020: Definition of Done.
質問 # 24
Which of the following is NOT a goal of Agile Process Improvement?
- A. Conduct regular reviews of practices and processes
- B. Ensure alignment with other practices and processes
- C. Confirm ongoing relevancy and value creation
- D. Identify and eliminate waste
正解：A
解説：
Agile Process Improvement focuses on delivering value through iterative enhancements, aligning practices with Agile principles, and eliminating waste. While reviews are part of improvement, the act of conducting regular reviews is not an overarching goal.
A . Correct. Regular reviews are a practice, not a primary goal of Agile Process Improvement.
B . Incorrect. Eliminating waste is central to Agile Process Improvement, aligning with Lean principles.
C . Incorrect. Ensuring alignment across practices is vital for cohesive delivery.
D . Incorrect. Maintaining relevancy and value creation is a key Agile goal.
Reference:
ITIL 4: Process improvement goals in Agile Service Management.
質問 # 25
Which of the following would NOT help sustain improvements?
- A. Provide ongoing training to existing employees
- B. Increase the velocity of Teams
- C. Communicate successes, failures, and lessons learned
- D. Solicit feedback when changes are made
正解：B
解説：
Sustaining improvements in Agile Service Management requires fostering a culture of learning, feedback, and collaboration. Simply increasing the velocity of teams does not inherently sustain improvements and can sometimes lead to burnout if not managed properly.
A . Incorrect. Ongoing training equips employees with the skills needed to adapt to changes, which sustains improvements.
B . Correct. While increasing velocity is desirable, it does not directly sustain improvements and may have negative impacts without adequate support.
C . Incorrect. Sharing successes and lessons learned builds a culture of continuous improvement.
D . Incorrect. Soliciting feedback ensures that changes remain relevant and effective, a key factor in sustaining improvements.
Reference:
ITIL 4: Continuous Improvement principles.
Scrum and Agile: Importance of sustainable delivery practices.
質問 # 26
Who makes the decision to release an Increment?
- A. The Agile Service Manager
- B. Both A and B
- C. The Team
- D. The Agile Practice Owner
正解：D
解説：
In Scrum and Agile practices, the decision to release an increment typically lies with the Product Owner (or Agile Practice Owner in service contexts) because they are responsible for maximizing the value of the product and ensuring alignment with business needs.
A . Incorrect. While the team delivers the increment, the release decision is outside their authority.
B . Correct. The Agile Practice Owner is accountable for ensuring that a release aligns with business goals and customer needs.
C . Incorrect. The Agile Service Manager focuses on process facilitation, not increment releases.
D . Incorrect. The team supports increment development, but the release decision remains with the Agile Practice Owner.
Reference:
Scrum Guide 2020: Role of the Product Owner in release decisions.
質問 # 27
Which event marks the beginning of a Sprint in Scrum?
- A. Sprint Review
- B. Sprint Start
- C. Sprint Planning
- D. Daily Scrum
正解：C
解説：
In Scrum, Sprint Planning is the event where the team collaborates to define the Sprint Goal and decide which items from the Product Backlog will be worked on during the Sprint. This marks the formal beginning of the Sprint.
A . Correct. Sprint Planning kicks off the Sprint by setting its goals and scope.
B . Incorrect. "Sprint Start" is not an official Scrum term.
C . Incorrect. Sprint Review happens at the end of the Sprint to inspect the increment.
D . Incorrect. The Daily Scrum occurs every day during the Sprint but does not mark its start.
Reference:
Scrum Guide 2020: Sprint Planning
質問 # 28
What is the starting point when designing an Agile process?
- A. Understand who your customers are and what they value
- B. Understand the service management architecture
- C. Getting the right stakeholders engaged
- D. Understand the practice's vision and goal
正解：A
解説：
Designing an Agile process begins with understanding customer needs and value to ensure that processes align with delivering that value efficiently.
A . Incorrect. While understanding the vision and goal is important, focusing on customer value takes precedence in Agile.
B . Correct. Agile emphasizes delivering value to customers, making this the critical starting point for process design.
C . Incorrect. Engaging stakeholders is essential but follows after understanding customer needs.
D . Incorrect. Understanding architecture comes later in the design process, after defining customer-centric objectives.
Reference:
Agile Manifesto: Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
ITIL 4: Service design principles.
質問 # 29
Which of the following is one of the MOST important outcomes of any Practice/Microprocess Planning?
- A. A and B
- B. The prioritized list of items for the next Sprint
- C. A detailed plan on how to achieve the Practice/Microprocess goal
- D. Metrics that will be used to measure progress or value
正解：A
解説：
Effective planning for a practice or microprocess involves setting measurable outcomes and prioritizing tasks to ensure value delivery.
A . Correct. Metrics are vital to track progress and evaluate the impact of improvements.
B . Correct. Prioritizing the next steps helps the team focus on delivering value incrementally.
C . Incorrect. Agile discourages creating overly detailed plans, favoring adaptability.
D . Correct. Both metrics and prioritization are critical outcomes of effective planning.
Reference:
ITIL 4: Metrics and priorities in process improvement.
Scrum Guide 2020: Planning and prioritization principles.
質問 # 30
Which BEST describes the goal of Lean?
- A. To eliminate unnecessary code or functionality
- B. To improve overall customer value
- C. To remove waste and have fewer defects
- D. To improve the flow of processes while reducing cost
正解：B
解説：
The ultimate goal of Lean is to enhance customer value by improving processes and removing waste. Let's analyze the options:
A . Incorrect. While improving process flow and reducing cost are Lean benefits, they are not the primary goal.
B . Incorrect. Removing waste and defects is part of Lean practices but serves the larger goal of delivering value.
C . Incorrect. Eliminating unnecessary functionality is one aspect of Lean software development, not the broader goal of Lean principles.
D . Correct. Improving customer value aligns with Lean's central objective of delivering what the customer truly needs and values while minimizing waste.
Reference:
Lean Thinking by Womack and Jones: Core principles emphasize customer value.
SAFe Framework: Lean Principles in scaled environments.
質問 # 31
What is an Epic?
- A. A collection of related user stories
- B. Both B and C
- C. A user story with multiple requirements
- D. A set of requirements for a Sprint
正解：A
解説：
An Epic is a larger work item that is broken down into smaller, related user stories. It is not directly tied to Sprint requirements.
A . Incorrect. An Epic is not a single user story; it encompasses multiple related user stories.
B . Correct. Epics represent a grouping of related user stories that contribute to a larger feature or objective.
C . Incorrect. Epics are not necessarily scoped to a single Sprint; they may span multiple Sprints.
D . Incorrect. While related stories are correct, the reference to Sprint requirements is inaccurate.
Reference:
Agile Glossary: Definition of Epics.
質問 # 32
How does the Agile Service Manager serve the organization?
- A. It does not serve the organization; it serves the Team
- B. By focusing on outcomes over artifacts
- C. By helping to improve the overall agility of the organization
- D. By ensuring the Team is customer-focused
正解：C
解説：
The Agile Service Manager serves the organization by fostering agility and improving the ability to respond to change effectively.
A . Correct. The Agile Service Manager's role includes driving organizational agility by aligning processes and practices with Agile principles.
B . Incorrect. While Agile values outcomes over artifacts, this is a broader principle, not the primary focus of the Agile Service Manager's service to the organization.
C . Incorrect. Ensuring customer focus is more specific to the team and Product Owner roles.
D . Incorrect. The Agile Service Manager serves both the team and the broader organization by aligning efforts with strategic goals.
Reference:
ITIL 4: Agile Service Management as part of organizational agility.
SAFe Framework: Role of leaders in promoting enterprise agility.
質問 # 33
Which is the BEST description of toil?
- A. Work that is complex and difficult to do manually
- B. Work that takes a long time to complete
- C. Work that is manual, repetitive, and devoid of enduring value
- D. Work that is exhausting
正解：C
解説：
In Agile and DevOps, toil refers to manual, repetitive work that adds no lasting value to the product or service, consuming time and effort that could be better spent on high-value activities.
A . Incorrect. Toil is not necessarily complex; it is often simple but repetitive.
B . Incorrect. Toil may or may not take a long time; its defining trait is the lack of enduring value.
C . Correct. This definition captures toil's repetitive, manual nature and its inability to create value.
D . Incorrect. While toil can be exhausting, this description doesn't encompass its lack of value.
Reference:
Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) by Google: Toil definition and its impact.
Agile principles: Focus on value-added activities.
質問 # 34
What is Lean?
- A. A method of work that pulls the flow of work
- B. The DevOps values
- C. A production philosophy that focuses on improving customer value
- D. A standard for delivering software
正解：C
解説：
Lean is a production philosophy derived from Toyota's manufacturing system, which focuses on delivering customer value by reducing waste, improving flow, and continuously enhancing processes.
A . Incorrect. Lean is not a standard for delivering software. It is a broader philosophy that can be applied across industries.
B . Correct. Lean's primary objective is to optimize customer value by eliminating inefficiencies and improving workflow.
C . Incorrect. While Lean uses pull systems to manage workflow, this is a method within Lean and not its overall definition.
D . Incorrect. DevOps values align with Lean principles but do not define Lean itself.
Reference:
Lean Thinking by James Womack and Daniel Jones
SAFe Framework: Applying Lean Principles
質問 # 35
Which is NOT one of the underlying principles of the Agile Manifesto?
- A. Working software is the primary measure of progress
- B. Deliver working software daily
- C. Simplicity-the art of maximizing the amount of work not done-is essential
- D. The highest priority is to satisfy the customer
正解：B
解説：
The Agile Manifesto outlines 12 principles, and while delivering value frequently is one of them, "delivering working software daily" is not explicitly stated. Let's evaluate the options:
A . Correct. The Agile Manifesto states that "working software is the primary measure of progress." B . Incorrect. The principle states, "Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months," but it does not specify daily delivery. This makes "daily" incorrect.
C . Correct. Satisfying the customer through early and continuous delivery is the highest priority in Agile.
D . Correct. Simplicity, or minimizing unnecessary work, is one of the core principles in Agile.
Reference:
Agile Manifesto: agilemanifesto.org
Principle 3: "Deliver working software frequently..."
Principle 10: "Simplicity-the art of maximizing the amount of work not done-is essential."
質問 # 36
Which statement about Practice Backlog Refinement is TRUE?
- A. All of the above
- B. It determines the user stories for the next Sprint
- C. It adds more detail to user stories
- D. It removes user stories that are not needed
正解：A
解説：
Practice Backlog Refinement involves continuous improvement of the backlog to ensure it is actionable and aligns with team goals.
A . Correct. Refinement involves adding detail to user stories to make them ready for implementation.
B . Correct. During refinement, outdated or irrelevant user stories are removed to maintain backlog clarity.
C . Correct. Refinement helps prioritize and prepare user stories for inclusion in the next Sprint.
D . Correct. All of these actions are part of the refinement process.
Reference:
Scrum Guide 2020: Backlog Refinement process.
質問 # 37
A team is working on a Sprint. A stakeholder requests that additional work be added to the Sprint Backlog. Who can approve or reject that request?
- A. The Product Owner
- B. The Agile Service Manager
- C. The Agile Practice Owner
- D. The Team
正解：A
解説：
In Scrum, the Product Owner has the authority to manage the Product Backlog, including accepting or rejecting changes to the Sprint Backlog.
A . Incorrect. The team is responsible for delivering the work but does not control changes to the Sprint Backlog.
B . Incorrect. The Agile Service Manager is not a role in Scrum and does not make decisions about the Sprint Backlog.
C . Incorrect. The Agile Practice Owner is not a Scrum role.
D . Correct. The Product Owner ensures the Sprint Backlog aligns with the Sprint Goal and business priorities.
Reference:
Scrum Guide 2020: The role of the Product Owner
質問 # 38
Which BEST describes a Microprocess Architecture?
- A. An organized structure for developing microprocesses that provide value
- B. An interrelated collection of microprocesses that support Scrum
- C. A collection of integrated microprocesses for a successful service management practice
- D. A set of interrelated microprocesses for an effective and efficient service management process
正解：D
解説：
A Microprocess Architecture is a structured framework of interrelated microprocesses designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of service management processes.
A . Correct. This definition captures the purpose and functionality of a microprocess architecture in service management.
B . Incorrect. While integration is part of a microprocess architecture, the emphasis is on interrelation and service management effectiveness.
C . Incorrect. Although it mentions structure and value, it does not emphasize the interconnected nature of the microprocesses.
D . Incorrect. Microprocess architectures are not exclusive to Scrum but are broader in scope.
Reference:
ITIL 4: Microprocess modularity and architecture principles.
質問 # 39
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