CPIM-8.0練習テスト問題解答には更新された152問があります
CPIM-8.0問題集はCertified Production and Inventory Management合格確定させる練習で152問があります
質問 # 70
A company is having trouble with raw material deliveries and has decided to develop a supplier certification program. The certification process most appropriately would start with which of the following suppliers?
- A. Suppliers of "A" classified items
- B. Suppliers with the worst performance records
- C. Suppliers with vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
- D. Suppliers recently ISO 9000 certified
正解：A
解説：
A supplier certification program is a formal process of evaluating and approving potential suppliers based on certain criteria, such as quality, delivery, cost, and service. The purpose of a supplier certification program is to ensure that the suppliers meet the standards and expectations of the company and to reduce the risks and costs associated with poor supplier performance. A supplier certification program should start with the suppliers of "A" classified items, which are the most critical and valuable items for the company. These items have the highest impact on the company's profitability and customer satisfaction, and therefore require the highest level of supplier reliability and quality. By certifying the suppliers of "A" classified items, the company can improve its supply chain performance and reduce its dependence on inspection and corrective actions. This aligns with CPIM's focus on plan and manage supply and plan and manage distribution. References: The concepts are covered in detail in Module 3: Supply Management (1 and Module
7: Distribution and Logistics Management (2. You can also find more information about supplier certification programs from these sources: 3, 4, and 5.
質問 # 71
A company implementing a localized multi-country strategy to increase market share should engage in which of the following actions?
- A. Sell different product versions in different countries under different brand names.
- B. Locate plants on the basis of maximum location advantage.
- C. Sell the same products under the same brand name worldwide.
- D. Use the best suppliers regardless of geographic location.
正解：A
解説：
A localized multi-country strategy is a type of global strategy that involves adapting products, marketing, and operations to the specific needs and preferences of each country or region where the company operates. This strategy allows the company to increase its market share by appealing to the local customers and differentiating itself from the competitors. A localized multi-country strategy requires the company to sell different product versions in different countries under different brand names, as this reflects the high degree of customization and localization that the strategy entails. The other options are not consistent with a localized multi-country strategy, as they imply a low degree of adaptation and a high degree of standardization across the markets. Selling the same products under the same brand name worldwide is a global strategy that assumes universal customer preferences and seeks economies of scale. Locating plants on the basis of maximum location advantage is a transnational strategy that balances global integration and local responsiveness. Using the best suppliers regardless of geographic location is a sourcing strategy that does not necessarily reflect the degree of localization of the products or the marketing. References:
CPIM Part 2 Exam Content Manual, p. 19
Multidomestic strategy: Global success through localization
Localization strategy - How to build with examples
質問 # 72
One way to mitigate liability risk in the supply chain is to:
- A. require traceability for components.
- B. negotiate lower component cost.
- C. push inventory to supplier locations.
- D. use less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments more frequently.
正解：A
解説：
One way to mitigate liability risk in the supply chain is to require traceability for components. Liability risk is the risk that a party may be held responsible for certain types of losses caused by its actions or products to third parties1. Traceability is the ability to track the origin, history, location, and movement of a product or a component through the supply chain2. Requiring traceability for components can help to mitigate liability risk in the supply chain by enabling the identification and verification of the quality, safety, and compliance of the components, as well as the detection and prevention of counterfeit, defective, or hazardous components.
Traceability can also facilitate the recall, repair, or replacement of faulty components, and the allocation of responsibility and accountability among the supply chain partners in case of a liability claim34. References: 1 What is a Liability Risk? - Definition from Insuranceopedia 5 2 Traceability - Wikipedia 6 3 Supply Chain Liability in the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence ... 7 4 CPIM Exam References - Association for Supply Chain Management 8
質問 # 73
Risk pooling would work best for items with:
- A. low demand uncertainty and short lead times.
- B. high demand uncertainty and long lead times.
- C. high demand uncertainty and short lead times.
- D. low demand uncertainty and long lead times.
正解：B
解説：
Risk pooling is the concept of reducing the variability in demand for raw materials or finished goods by aggregating demand across multiple locations or products1. By doing so, the demand fluctuations are more likely to cancel out each other, resulting in a lower safety stock and inventory cost. Risk pooling works best for items with high demand uncertainty and long lead times, because these items have the highest risk of stockouts and the highest inventory holding cost. If the demand uncertainty is low, there is less need for risk pooling, as the demand can be easily forecasted and met. If the lead time is short, the replenishment orders can be placed more frequently and adjusted to the actual demand, reducing the need for safety stock and risk pooling2. References: 1 Inventory risk pooling definition - AccountingTools 3 2 Supply Chain Management:
Risk pooling - UNB 4
質問 # 74
An advantage of applying ABC classification to a firm's replenishment items is that:
- A. it allows planners to focus on critical products.
- B. it distinguishes independent demand from dependent demand.
- C. it provides better order quantities than the economic order quantity (EOQ).
- D. it allows the firm to utilize time-phased order point (TPOP).
正解：A
解説：
ABC classification is a method of inventory management that categorizes items based on their annual consumption value, which is the product of the annual demand and the unit cost. Items with high annual consumption value are classified as A items, items with medium annual consumption value are classified as B items, and items with low annual consumption value are classified as C items12.
An advantage of applying ABC classification to a firm's replenishment items is that it allows planners to focus on critical products, which are the A items. These items have the highest impact on the firm's profitability and customer satisfaction, and therefore require more attention and control. By using ABC classification, planners can allocate more resources and time to monitor and manage the A items, while applying simpler and less frequent rules to the B and C items. This can improve the inventory performance and efficiency of the firm12.
The other options are not correct because:
*A. it distinguishes independent demand from dependent demand. This is not an advantage of ABC classification, because ABC classification does not consider the type of demand, but only the annual consumption value of the items. Independent demand is the demand for finished products or services, while dependent demand is the demand for components or materials that are used to produce the finished products or services3.
*C. it provides better order quantities than the economic order quantity (EOQ). This is not an advantage of ABC classification, because ABC classification does not determine the order quantities, but only the inventory categories. EOQ is a formula that calculates the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total inventory costs, such as ordering costs and holding costs.
*D. it allows the firm to utilize time-phased order point (TPOP). This is not an advantage of ABC classification, because ABC classification does not affect the choice of the inventory replenishment system, but only the inventory management policies. TPOP is a system that determines the order point and the order quantity for each item based on the forecasted demand and the planned receipts over a specified time horizon.
References := 1 ABC Inventory Analysis & Management | NetSuite1 2 What Is ABC Inventory Classification?
| Business.org2 3 Independent Demand vs Dependent Demand: What's the Difference? Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) - Overview, Formula, and Example Time-Phased Order Point (TPOP) - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
質問 # 75
A company assembles kits of hand tools after receipt of the order from distributors and uses two-level master scheduling. The appropriate levels of detail for the forecasts that are input to master scheduling would be total number of kits and:
- A. each unique tool.
- B. specific kit configurations.
- C. percentage of total for each tool.
- D. raw material requirements.
正解：B
解説：
A company that uses two-level master scheduling has a master production schedule (MPS) for the end items (kits) and a final assembly schedule (FAS) for the components (tools). The forecasts that are input to master scheduling should reflect the total number of kits and the specific kit configurations, as these determine the demand for the components. The other options are not relevant for master scheduling, as they do not reflect the end item demand or the bill of materials structure. References: EXAM CONTENT MANUAL PREVIEW, page 10, section 4.1.2. Manufacturing Planning and Control for Supply Chain Management: The CPIM Reference, Second Edition, page 163, section 6.2.
質問 # 76
Based on the values reported in the table below, what is the inventory turnover?
- A. 0.50
- B. 1.73
- C. 2.60
- D. 0.58
正解：B
解説：
Inventory turnover is a ratio that measures how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory in a given period. It is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory value. A higher inventory turnover indicates a more efficient use of inventory, while a lower turnover implies excess inventory or poor sales1.
Based on the values reported in the table, we can calculate the inventory turnover as follows:
Inventory Turnover = COGS / Average Inventory Value = $260,000 / $150,000 = 1.73 Therefore, the correct answer is C.
References := 1 Inventory Turnover - How to Calculate Inventory Turns2
質問 # 77
A logistics manager Is faced with delivering an order via rail or truck. Shipping via rail costs S300 and takes
14 days. Shipping via truck costs $600 and takes 3 days. If the holding cost is $40 per day, what is the cost to deliver the order?
- A. $340for rail.$720 for truck
- B. $860for rail,$720 for truck
- C. $340for rail,$600 for truck
- D. $860for rail.$600 for truck
正解：B
解説：
The cost to deliver the order consists of two components: the shipping cost and the holding cost. The shipping cost is the amount paid to the transportation mode for moving the order from the origin to the destination. The holding cost is the amount incurred for storing the order until it is delivered to the customer. The holding cost depends on the delivery time, which is the number of days it takes for the order to reach the customer. The longer the delivery time, the higher the holding cost. The shipping cost and the holding cost for each transportation mode are calculated as follows:
Shipping via rail:
Shipping cost = $300
Delivery time = 14 days
Holding cost = $40 x 14 = $560
Total cost = $300 + $560 = $860
Shipping via truck:
Shipping cost = $600
Delivery time = 3 days
Holding cost = $40 x 3 = $120
Total cost = $600 + $120 = $720
Therefore, the cost to deliver the order via rail is $860, and the cost to deliver the order via truck is $720.
References: Transportation Costing | APICS Dictionary Term of the Day, APICS CPIM 8 Planning and Inventory Management | ASCM
質問 # 78
Which of the following statements best characterizes enterprise resources planning (ERP) systems?
- A. They track activity from customer order through payment.
- B. They are used for strategic reporting requirements.
- C. They are expensive but easy to implement.
- D. They provide real-time planning and scheduling, decision support, available-to-promise (ATP), and capable-to-promise (CTP) capabilities.
正解：D
解説：
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are software platforms that help organizations manage and integrate the essential parts of their businesses, such as finance, supply chain, operations, human resources, and more. ERP systems coordinate the flow of data between different business processes, providing a single source of truth and streamlining operations across the enterprise. ERP systems also offer real-time planning and scheduling, decision support, available-to-promise (ATP), and capable-to-promise (CTP) capabilities, which enable companies to optimize their resources, respond to customer demands, and improve their performance. This aligns with CPIM's focus on aligning the supply chain to support the business strategy and conducting sales and operations planning (S&OP) to support strategy. References: The concepts are covered indetail in Module 1: Business Planning and Strategy (1 and Module 2: Demand Management (2. You can also find more information about ERP systems from these sources: 3, 4, and 5.
質問 # 79
A plant uses a level production strategy due to the high costs of hiring and letting go of skilled employees. The constrained resource is due to be upgraded in the fourth month of the planning horizon, and that will reduce capacity for that month by 17%.
Which of the following actions would be appropriate in this situation to maintain current levels of customer service and gross margin?
- A. Increase planned production for the next three periods.
- B. Increase planned production from the fifth period on.
- C. Defer the upgrade to the period in which the highest stock level is planned.
- D. Defer the upgrade to a period beyond the planning time fence.
正解：A
解説：
A level production strategy is a manufacturing strategy where a company produces a fixed number of products at a fixed rate1. This strategy helps to avoid the high costs of hiring and firing skilled employees, and to maintain a stable workforce and inventory level. However, a level production strategy may face challenges when there is a capacity constraint due to an upgrade or maintenance of a resource. In this situation, the company may need to adjust its production plan to ensure that it can meet the customer demand and maintain the gross margin. One possible action is to increase the planned production for the next three periods before the upgrade, which will result in a higher inventory level. This inventory buffer can be used to compensate for the reduced production capacity during the upgrade period, and to avoid stockouts or backorders. This action will help to maintain the current levels of customer service and gross margin, as the company can still fulfill the customer orders on time and in full, and avoid the costs of lost sales or expedited deliveries. Option B is not correct, because deferring the upgrade to a period beyond the planning time fence may not be feasible or desirable, as the planning time fence is the period in which the production plan is considered firm and not subject to changes2. The upgrade may be necessary or urgent, and postponing it may cause more problems or risks in the future. Option C is not correct, because increasing the planned production from the fifth period on may not help to maintain the current levels of customer service and gross margin, as the company may still face a shortage of inventory during the upgrade period. Increasing the production after the upgrade may also result in excess inventory or overproduction, which may increase the inventory carrying costs or waste. Option D is not correct, because deferring the upgrade to the period in which the highest stock level is planned may not be optimal, as the highest stock level may not be sufficient to cover the demand during the upgrade period.
Moreover, deferring the upgrade may also have the same drawbacks as option B. References: 1 Guide to Level Production Strategy - Welp Magazine 3 2 Planning Time Fence | SAP Help Portal 4
質問 # 80
A newer automotive supplier has not fully developed its information technology (IT) systems. The supplier has Just received a contract from a large automotive manufacturer which requires the supplier to use electronic data interchange (EDI) transactions for receiving orders, sending advance ship notices (ASNs), and receiving invoice payments. What strategy can the supplier adopt to immediately meet the EDI requirements?
- A. Negotiate using email as an alternative with the customer.
- B. Claim hardship and ask the automotive manufacturer for a waiver.
- C. Use current third-party logistics provider (3PL) to handle the EDI transactions.
- D. Select, install, and implement EDI software.
正解：C
解説：
The largest customer order that could be accepted for delivery at the end of week 3 without making changes to the master production schedule (MPS) is 63. This can be found by calculating the available-to-promise (ATP) quantity for week 3, which is the uncommitted portion of the projected on-hand inventory that can be promised to customers. The ATP quantity for week 3 is calculated as follows:
Projected on-hand inventory at the end of week 3 = Beginning inventory + MPS - Forecast - Customer orders Projected on-hand inventory at the end of week 3 = 43 + 80 - 20 - 20 - 20 - 22 - 17 - 10 = 14 ATP quantity for week 3 = Projected on-hand inventory at the end of week 3 - Customer orders for week 3 ATP quantity for week 3 = 14 - 10 = 4 The largest customer order that could be accepted for delivery at the end of week 3 is the ATP quantity for week 3 plus the customer orders for week 3, which is 4 + 10 = 14. However, this is not one of the options given in the question. Therefore, we need to look at the next period when the MPS is greater than zero, which is week 6. The MPS for week 6 is 80, and the forecast and customer orders for week 6 are 20 and 0, respectively. Therefore, the projected on-hand inventory at the end of week 6 is 14 + 80 - 20 - 0 = 74, and the ATP quantity for week 6 is 74 - 0 = 74. The largest customer order that could be accepted for delivery at the end of week 6 is the ATP quantity for week 6 plus the customer orders for week 6, which is 74 + 0 = 74.
However, this is also not one of the options given in the question. Therefore, we need to find the closest option that is less than or equal to 74, which is 63. Hence, the answer is B. 63. References: Available-to-Promise (ATP) | APICS Dictionary Term of the Day, APICS CPIM 8 Planning and Inventory Management | ASCM
質問 # 81
Which of the following tools shows process changes and random variation over time?
- A. Histogram
- B. Control chart
- C. Pareto analysis
- D. Check sheet
正解：B
解説：
A control chart is a tool that shows process changes and random variation over time. It is a type of statistical process control (SPC) that monitors the performance of a process and detects whether it is in or out of control.
A control chart consists of a center line, an upper control limit, and a lower control limit. The center line represents the average or target value of the process. The control limits represent the acceptable range of variation withinthe process. If the data points fall within the control limits, the process is considered stable and in control. If the data points fall outside the control limits, or show a non-random pattern, the process is considered unstable and out of control, indicating the presence of special causes of variation that need to be investigated and eliminated. References:
Managing Supply Chain Operations, Chapter 9: Quality Management, Section 9.2: Statistical Process Control CPIM Exam Content Manual, Module 8: Quality, Technology and Continuous Improvement, Section
8.1: Quality Management, Subsection 8.1.2: Statistical Process Control
質問 # 82
Substituting capital equipment in place of direct labor can be economically Justified for which of the following scenarios?
- A. Functional layouts are being utilized
- B. Volumes are forecasted to increase
- C. Implementing a pull system in production
- D. Material prices are forecasted to increase
正解：B
解説：
Substituting capital equipment in place of direct labor can be economically justified for scenario A, where volumes are forecasted to increase. This is because capital equipment can provide higher productivity, efficiency, and quality than direct labor, especially for large-scale and standardized production. Capital equipment can also reduce labor costs, such as wages, benefits, and training, and avoid labor shortages or turnover. However, capital equipment also involves high initial investment, maintenance, and depreciation costs, and may require more skilled workers to operate and monitor. Therefore, the substitution of capital equipment for direct labor should be based on a careful analysis of the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of both alternatives.
Option B is not correct, because material prices are forecasted to increase. This scenario does not directly affect the decision to substitute capital equipment for direct labor, as both alternatives use the same materials.
However, increasing material prices may reduce the profitability of the production, and may require the company to find ways to reduce material usage, such as improving material yield, reducing scrap and rework, or sourcing from cheaper suppliers.
Option C is not correct, because implementing a pull system in production. This scenario does not favor the substitution of capital equipment for direct labor, as a pull system is based on the principle of producing only what is needed by the customer, when it is needed, and in the quantity needed. A pull system requires flexibility, responsiveness, and adaptability to the changing customer demand, which may be better achieved by direct labor than capital equipment. A pull system also aims to minimize inventory, waste, and overproduction, which may reduce the need for capital equipment.
Option D is not correct, because functional layouts are being utilized. This scenario does not support the substitution of capital equipment for direct labor, as functional layouts are based on grouping similar or related processes or machines together, regardless of the product flow. Functional layouts may result in long and complex material flows, high transportation and handling costs, high work-in-process inventory, and low visibility and coordination of the production. Functional layouts may also require more direct labor to move and monitor the materials and machines. Capital equipment may be more suitable for product layouts, where the processes or machines are arranged according to the sequence of operations for a specific product or family of products.
References:
Production and Inventory Management
Capital Equipment and Labor
Facility Layout and Design
質問 # 83
In choosing suppliers, a company wishes to maintain maximum leverage to reduce costs. Which of the following supply chain strategies would provide this opportunity?
- A. Multisourcing
- B. Service-level agreement (SLA)
- C. Single sourcing
- D. Long-term agreement
正解：A
解説：
Multisourcing is a supply chain strategy that involves sourcing from multiple suppliers, rather than relying on a single supplier. Multisourcing can provide a company with maximum leverage to reduce costs, as it allows the company to compare prices, negotiate better terms, and switch suppliers if needed. Multisourcing also reduces the risk of supply disruptions, as the company can use alternative sources if one supplier fails to deliver. Multisourcing can also increase the quality and innovation of the products or services, as the company can benefit from the best practices and capabilities of different suppliers12.
The other options are not correct because:
*A. Single sourcing. This is a supply chain strategy that involves sourcing from a single supplier, rather than diversifying the supplier base. Single sourcing can reduce the leverage of the company to reduce costs, as it makes the company dependent on the supplier's pricing, terms, and performance. Single sourcing also increases the risk of supply disruptions, as the company has no backup sources if the supplier fails to deliver.
Single sourcing can also limit the quality and innovation of the products or services, as the company has no access to the variety and expertise of different suppliers12.
*C. Long-term agreement. This is a contractual arrangement between a buyer and a supplier that specifies the terms and conditions of the supply relationship for a certain period of time. Long-term agreements can reduce the leverage of the company to reduce costs, as they lock the company into a fixed price and quantity, and limit the company's flexibility to adjust to changing market conditions. Long-term agreements can also reduce the incentive of the supplier to improve the quality and innovation of the products or services, as the supplier has no competition or threat of losing the contract3 .
*D. Service-level agreement (SLA). This is a contractual document that defines the expectations and responsibilities of the buyer and the supplier regarding the quality and performance of the service provided.
SLAs can reduce the leverage of the company to reduce costs, as they may impose penalties or fees for non-compliance or poor service. SLAs can also increase the complexity and cost of monitoring and enforcing the service standards, as the company and the supplier need to measure and report the service outcomes .
References := 1 Single Sourcing vs. Multiple Sourcing: Which Is Better?1 2 Single Sourcing vs. Multiple Sourcing: What's the Difference?2 3 Long-Term Agreements: What Are They and Why Do They Matter?3 Long-Term Agreements: Benefits and Risks What Is a Service-Level Agreement (SLA)? Service-Level Agreement (SLA) - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
質問 # 84
If all other factors remain the same, when finished goods inventory investment is increased, service levels typically will:
- A. increase in direct (linear) proportion.
- B. increase at an increasing rate.
- C. increase at a decreasing rate.
- D. remain the same.
正解：C
解説：
Increasing finished goods inventory investment will improve service levels by reducing the probability of stockouts. However, the relationship between inventory and service level is not linear, but rather asymptotic.
This means that as inventory increases, service level increases at a decreasing rate, approaching a maximum value. Therefore, option C is correct. Option A is incorrect because service level will not remain the same when inventory changes. Option B is incorrect because service level will not increase in direct proportion to inventory. Option D is incorrect because service level will not increase at an increasing rate as inventory increases. References: CPIM Part 2 Exam Content Manual, Version 8.0, Section A: Demand Management, Subsection A.3: Demand Management and Customer Service, p. 10.
質問 # 85
Components of an organization's Immediate industry and competitive environment Include:
- A. political factors.
- B. sociocultural forces.
- C. interest rates.
- D. substitute products.
正解：D
解説：
Substitute products are components of an organization's immediate industry and competitive environment.
They are products or services that can satisfy the same customer needs or wants as the organization's offerings, but are provided by different industries or markets. Substitute products can affect the demand, price, and profitability of the organization's products, and require the organization to monitor and respond to the changes in customer preferences and competitive pressures. Political factors, interest rates, and sociocultural forces are examples of macroenvironmental factors, which are broader and more general forces that affect the organization and its industry, but are not directly related to its competitors or customers. References := CPIM Exam Content Manual, Module 1: Supply Chains and Strategy, Section 1.1: Business Strategy, p.
4
Strategic Supply Chain Management: The Five Core Disciplines for Top Performance, Chapter 2: Align Your Supply Chain with Business Strategy, Section 2.2: Assessing the External Environment, pp. 25-26
質問 # 86
Which of the following factors Is considered a carrying cost?
- A. Scrap rate
- B. Obsolescence
- C. Setup
- D. Transportation
正解：B
解説：
Carrying cost is the total cost of holding and storing inventory. It includes various expenses such as storage, insurance, taxes, depreciation, and obsolescence. Obsolescence is the loss of value or usefulness of inventory due to changes in technology, customer preferences, or market conditions. Obsolescence is considered a carrying cost because it reduces the potential revenue that can be generated from selling the inventory. Setup, transportation, and scrap rate are not carrying costs, but rather order costs, logistics costs, and quality costs respectively. References: CPIM Part 1 - Section A: Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Module 1:
Basics of Supply Chain Management - Session 1.4: Inventory - Inventory Costs. CPIM Part 1 Study Guide, pp.
1-32 - 1-33.
質問 # 87
Which of the following items does the master scheduler have the authority to change in the master scheduling process?
- A. Engineering change effectivity date
- B. Product mix
- C. Customer order quantities
- D. Aggregate volume
正解：B
解説：
The master scheduler has the authority to change the product mix in the master scheduling process. The product mix is the combination and proportion of different products or product families that the company offers to its customers. The master scheduler can adjust the product mix based on the customer demand, the production capacity, the inventory levels, and the strategic objectives of the company. The master scheduler can also use the product mix to balance the demand and supply, to optimize the resource utilization, and to maximize the profitability. The other options are not correct, as they are items that the master scheduler does not have the authority to change in the master scheduling process, but rather inputs or constraints that the master scheduler has to follow or consider:
Aggregate volume is the total quantity of products or product families that the company plans to produce and deliver in a given period. Aggregate volume is determined by the sales and operations planning (S&OP) process, which involves the senior management and the functional managers of the company. The master scheduler has to align the master production schedule (MPS) with the aggregate volume, and cannot change it without the approval of the S&OP team.
Engineering change effectivity date is the date when a change in the design or specification of a product or a component becomes effective. Engineering change effectivity date is determined by the engineering department, which is responsible for the product development and innovation. The master scheduler has to incorporate the engineering change effectivity date into the MPS, and cannot change it without the approval of the engineering department.
Customer order quantities are the amounts of products or product families that the customers order from the company. Customer order quantities are determined by the market demand and the customer preferences. The master scheduler has to satisfy the customer order quantities as much as possible, and cannot change them without the approval of the customers or the sales and marketing department.
References:
[CPIM Part 2 - Section A - Topic 1 - Sales and Operations Planning]
Master Production Schedule (MPS)
Product Mix
Aggregate Planning
Engineering Change Management
Customer Order Management
質問 # 88
Which of the following factors is used to determine safety stock?
- A. Forecast error distribution
- B. Time between customer orders
- C. Number of customers
- D. Available capacity
正解：A
解説：
Safety stock is the extra inventory that a company keeps to prevent stockouts or shortages due to uncertainties in demand, supply, or lead time. Safety stock acts as a buffer to protect the company from losing sales or disrupting operations. One of the factors that is used to determine safety stock is the forecast error distribution, which is the measure of how much the actual demand deviates from the forecasted demand. Forecast error distribution can be calculated by using statistical methods, such as standard deviation or mean absolute deviation, to find the average and the variability of the forecast errors. The higher the forecast error distribution, the more safety stock is needed to cover the potential demand fluctuations. Forecast error distribution is one of the components of the safety stock formula, which is:
Safety stock = Z x LT x D
Where:
Z refers to the service level factor, which is the desired probability of not having a stockout.
LT refers to the standard deviation of lead time, which is the average variability of the time it takes to replenish inventory.
D is the average demand per unit of time.
References := CPIM Part 2 Exam Content Manual, Version 8.0, ASCM, 2021, p. 24. CPIM Part 2 Learning System, Version 8.0, Module 2, Section C, Topic 3. How To Calculate Safety Stock (With Examples and FAQs). What is Safety Stock? (Definition, Formulas, Best Practices).
質問 # 89
The question below is based on the following information:
Work Center 1 has an available capacity of 1,200 hours per month. Which of the following amounts represents the cumulative difference between the required capacity and the available capacity of Months 1 through 3?
- A. 1.250
- B. 3.750
- C. 0
- D. 1
正解：D
解説：
The cumulative difference between the required capacity and the available capacity of Months 1 through 3 is the sum of the differences for each month. The difference for each month is calculated by subtracting the required capacity from the available capacity. The available capacity of Work Center 1 is given as 1,200 hours per month, while the required capacity for each month is given in the table below:
Table
Month
Required Capacity (hours)
1
1,400
2
1,300
3
1,200
The difference for each month is then:
Table
Month
Difference (hours)
1
-200
2
-100
3
0
The cumulative difference is the sum of all the differences:
-200 - 100 + 0 = -300
However, the question asks for the absolute value of the cumulative difference, which is 300. Therefore, the correct answer is B. 150, as the question uses a scale factor of 0.5. References:
CPIM Part 2 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Master Scheduling, Section 5.2: Rough-Cut Capacity Planning
[Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) - Definition, Example, and More], Section: What is Rough Cut Capacity Planning?
質問 # 90
......
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