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質問 # 29
ある会社の営業チームが、実費負担型プロジェクトを受注しました。ビジネスアナリストは、営業チームが必要な予算とスケジュールを過小評価していたことを発見しました。
ビジネスアナリストはどのような行動を取るべきでしょうか?
- A. プロジェクトへの取り組みを控え、顧客に契約のキャンセルを依頼します。
- B. 契約を承諾し、予算とスケジュールに適合する要件のみを実現します。
- C. 契約を承諾し、コスト超過の可能性について顧客に通知します。
- D. 要件ベースライン ドキュメントを作成し、それを使用して契約の範囲を交渉します。
正解:D
解説:
Requirements baseline is a document that contains the approved version of the requirements that serves as a reference point for further changes. Requirements baseline can help the business analyst to address the issue of underestimating the required budget and schedule by defining the scope, value, quality, risk, and feasibility of each requirement. Requirements baseline can also help to negotiate the scope in the contract with the customer by showing how each requirement aligns with their needs and expectations, and proposing possible trade-offs or alternatives. References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline (2019), page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide (2015), page 40.
質問 # 30
製品に対する顧客のニーズを詳細に記述し、機能モデル、データモデル、用語集を含むドキュメントを作成しています。このドキュメントは、次のように呼ばれます。
- A. ビジネスケース。
- B. プロジェクト憲章。
- C. 要件仕様。
- D. 標準操作マニュアル。
正解:C
解説:
A requirements specification is a document that describes the customer's needs for a product and includes a functional model, a data model, and a glossary of terms. A standard operating manual is a document that provides instructions on how to use a product or service. A business case is a document that justifies the initiation of a project or investment based on its expected benefits and costs. A project charter is a document that authorizes the start of a project and defines its scope, objectives, and stakeholders. References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline (2019), page 8; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide (2015), page 36.
質問 # 31
次のアクションのうち、プロジェクトの初期段階の成功に最も貢献するものはどれですか?
- A. 受け入れフェーズで必要な受け入れ基準を定義します。
- B. 要件を文書化し、承認を得ます。
- C. プロジェクトの変更管理プロセスを確立します。
- D. 関係者にインタビューして問題を明確に定義します。
正解:D
解説:
Interviewing stakeholders to clearly define the problem is the most important action to contribute to the success of the initial stage of the project. Interviewing is an elicitation technique that involves asking questions to stakeholders to gather information about their needs, expectations, issues, and goals. Defining the problem clearly helps to establish the business need, the project scope, and the solution approach. References:
PMI Guide to Business Analysis, Chapter 6, Section 6.3.2.5; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI- PBA) Examination Content Outline, Domain I: Needs Assessment, Task 2.
質問 # 32
データベース管理者にとって最も価値のある要件ドキュメントの種類は次のとおりです。
- A. ビジネス プロセス ダイアグラム。
- B. データフロー図。
- C. エンティティ関係図。
- D. オブジェクト図。
正解:C
解説:
An entity relationship diagram (ERD) is a type of requirements document that would be most valuable to a database administrator. An ERD is a graphical representation of data entities and their relationships in a database. An ERD shows how data is organized, stored, accessed, and manipulated in a database. An ERD can help to design, document, and communicate a database schema. A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of how data flows through a system or a process. A DFD shows where data comes from, where it goes, how it is transformed, and what it is used for. A DFD can help to analyze, design, or improve a system or a process. A business process diagram (BPD) is a graphical representation of how activities are performed by actors in a business process. A BPD shows who does what, when, where, why, and how in a business process. A BPD can help to model, document, or optimize a business process. An object diagram is a graphical representation of objects and their relationships in an object-oriented system. An object diagram shows how objects interact with each other through messages or operations. An object diagram can help to illustrate or test an object-oriented design. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA) Examination Content Outline1, page 15; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 95.
質問 # 33
ビジネスアナリストは、潜在的なソリューションが組織にどの程度適合するかを把握するために、実現可能性調査を実施しています。ビジネスアナリストはどのような実現可能性評価を行っているのでしょうか?
- A. テクニカル
- B. 費用対効果
- C. 時間
- D. 運用中
正解:D
解説:
Operational feasibility is the kind of feasibility assessment that the business analyst is undertaking to understand how well a potential solution fits into the organization. Operational feasibility evaluates how the solution will affect the current operations, processes, culture, and people of the organization. It also considers how the solution will be accepted, adopted, and used by the stakeholders. Technical feasibility is not the kind of feasibility assessment that the business analyst is undertaking, as it evaluates how the solution can be implemented using the available technology, infrastructure, and resources. Cost-effectiveness feasibility is not the kind of feasibility assessment that the business analyst is undertaking, as it evaluates how the solution will provide benefits that outweigh its costs. Time feasibility is not the kind of feasibility assessment that the business analyst is undertaking, as it evaluates how long it will take to implement the solution and whether it can meet the desired schedule. References: Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, page 41-
42 1; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline, page 14
質問 # 34
現在のビジネス ビューと望ましいビジネス ビューを比較して、起こりうるビジネスの変化を分析する手法は次のどれですか。
- A. SWOT分析
- B. トレンド分析
- C. 影響分析 SWOT分析
- D. ギャップ分析
正解:D
解説:
Gap analysis is a technique that contrasts the current and desired business views to analyze possible business changes. It identifies the gaps between the current state and the future state of the business and helps to prioritize the actions needed to close those gaps. Gap analysis can be used to assess the feasibility, scope, and value of a proposed change. References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline (2019), page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide (2015), page 52.
質問 # 35
要件の改訂を管理するプロセスを定義するドキュメントは次のとおりです。
- A. スコープ管理計画。
- B. 変更管理計画。
- C. プロジェクト管理計画。
- D. コミュニケーション管理計画。
正解:B
解説:
The change management plan outlines the process for managing changes to requirements, ensuring that any revisions are controlled and documented throughout the project lifecycle. References: PMI-PBA Examination Content Outline, Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide.
質問 # 36
A社は、複数のステークホルダーと協力し、新しいプラットフォームの導入に取り組んでいます。ビジネスアナリストは要件を収集し、ベースラインを確立しましたが、スコープクリープが依然として問題となっています。
ビジネスアナリストは、この状況を管理するために何を確立できたでしょうか?
- A. コミュニケーション計画
- B. 構成管理システム
- C. 変更管理プロセス
- D. スポンサーの承認
正解:C
解説:
A change control process is a process that could help manage the situation of scope creep. Scope creep refers to the problem experienced on many projects when the size or complexity of the original product description grows. Scope creep can have negative impacts on the project schedule, budget, quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. A change control process is a process that defines how changes to the project scope, requirements, deliverables, or other configuration items are requested, evaluated, approved, implemented, and monitored. A change control process can help the business analyst and the project team to manage the expectations of the stakeholders, to assess the impact and feasibility of the changes, to prioritize and implement the changes, and to communicate the changes to the relevant parties. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline1, page 23; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 131.
質問 # 37
開発およびテスト段階の前に、すべての要件が品質チェックリストを満たしていることを確認するために、ビジネス アナリストは何をすべきでしょうか。
- A. 各要件に検証方法を割り当てます。
- B. 利害関係者が重要だと判断した要件を検証します。
- C. B. 要件の部分的なテストについてエンジニアリングからの承認を得ます。
- D. クライアントと交渉して要件を標準化します。
正解:A
解説:
Verification is the process of ensuring that the requirements meet a quality checklist and conform to the specified standards, rules, and criteria. Verification can help the business analyst to ensure that all requirements meet a quality checklist before the development and testing phase by checking the completeness, correctness, clarity, consistency, and testability of each requirement. Verification can also help to identify and resolve any defects, errors, or ambiguities in the requirements. References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline (2019), page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide (2015), page 40.
質問 # 38
プロジェクト実行フェーズにおいて、クライアントから新機能の追加が要求されました。ビジネスアナリストが特定の要件変更の影響を判断するために、以下のどれが役立ちますか?
- A. 要件ベースライン
- B. 要件カード
- C. 要件管理ツール
- D. 要件トレーサビリティマトリックス
正解:D
解説:
A requirements traceability matrix is a tool that shows the relationship between each requirement and other project elements, such as objectives, deliverables, test cases, design components, etc. A requirements traceability matrix can help the business analyst to determine the impact for the specific requirement change by showing how the change affects other related requirements and project elements. A requirements traceability matrix can also help to assess the feasibility, scope, value, and risk of the change request. References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline (2019), page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide (2015), page 40.
質問 # 39
ビジネス上の問題に対処するための複数の選択肢の中から決定を下すときに、SWOT 分析はどのように役立ちますか?
- A. 関係者が各オプションの長所と短所を特定するのに役立ちます。
- B. 関係者が各オプションの脅威を回避する方法を決定するのに役立ちます。
- C. プロダクトオーナーがオプションを選択しない場合の機会コストを判断するのに役立ちます。
- D. プロジェクト スポンサーが各オプションの評価を決定するのに役立ちます。
正解:A
解説:
A SWOT analysis is a technique that helps to assess the internal and external factors that may affect the success of a solution or an option. A SWOT analysis involves identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each option, and comparing them with the business problem and the desired outcomes. A SWOT analysis can help the stakeholders to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and desirability of each option, and to select the best one based on the strategic alignment and the business value. References:
PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline1, page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 41.
質問 # 40
ステークホルダーが既存の機能を変更したいと考えています。製品の変更範囲を決定するために、次のうちどれが使用されますか?
- A. 要件属性テーブル
- B. プロジェクトのスケジュールとコストの基準
- C. 要件トレーサビリティマトリックス
- D. シーケンス図
正解:C
解説:
A requirements traceability matrix (RTM) is a tool that helps to track the relationship between the requirements and the product features. It can be used to determine the scope of a change request by identifying which requirements and test cases are affected by the modification of an existing feature. A project schedule and cost baseline are not directly related to the product features, but rather to the project management aspects. A requirements attributes table is a tool that helps to classify and prioritize the requirements, but it does not show the link between the requirements and the product features. A sequence diagram is a tool that helps to illustrate the interactions between the components of the product, but it does not show the traceability of the requirements. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA) Examination Content Outline1, PMI Guide to Business Analysis2, Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide
質問 # 41
厳しいスケジュールに直面したプロジェクトスポンサーが、トレーサビリティアーティファクトを作成せずに開発を開始することをプロジェクトチームに提案した場合、ビジネスアナリストはどうすればよいでしょうか?
- A. プロジェクトのトレーサビリティ活動を排除します。
- B. 要件トレーサビリティの価値を説明します。
- C. トレーサビリティ項目なしで開発活動を開始します。
- D. トレーサビリティ成果物の削減されたセットの迅速な承認を交渉します。
正解:B
解説:
The business analyst should explain the value of requirements traceability to the project sponsor.
Requirements traceability is the process of tracking and documenting the relationships and dependencies among the requirements, the project deliverables, and the business objectives. Requirements traceability helps to ensure the quality, completeness, and alignment of the requirements, and to manage the changes, risks, and issues that may arise during the project. Requirements traceability also helps to measure the performance and the value of the solution, and to facilitate the verification and validation of the solution. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline1, page 20; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 100.
質問 # 42
顧客が新製品の設計仕様を作成しました。顧客と承認済みの要件ベースラインを確立するには、どのような対応が最善でしょうか?
- A. 顧客によるレビューと承認のために要件トレーサビリティ マトリックスを作成します。
- B. 顧客が確認して承認するための要件ベースライン承認フォームを作成します。
- C. 顧客に契約仕様の要件のベースラインを作成するよう要求します。
- D. 設計仕様の差異分析を実行し、結果を顧客に報告します。
正解:C
解説:
A requirements baseline is a set of approved requirements that serves as the basis for further development and validation. A requirements baseline approval form is a document that records the formal acceptance of the requirements baseline by the customer and other stakeholders. Creating a requirements baseline approval form for the customer to review and approve is the best action to take to establish an approved requirements baseline with the customer. The other actions are not sufficient or appropriate for this purpose. A requirements traceability matrix is a tool that links the requirements to their sources, objectives, and deliverables, but it does not record the approval of the requirements. Requesting that the customer create a baseline of the requirements in the contract specification is not a proactive or collaborative approach.
Performing a variance analysis on the design specification and reporting the results to the customer is not relevant to establishing an approved requirements baseline. References: PMI-PBA Examination Content Outline, page 13; PMI-PBA Reference List, page 1, BABOK Guide v3, page 39.
質問 # 43
設計フェーズに先立ち、プロジェクトチームは顧客と要件レビューを実施する必要があります。レビューの準備として、チームは以下の点に留意することが望ましいでしょう。
- A. 契約の修正を要求して、満たすのが困難な要件を契約から削除します。
- B. 要件を評価し、満たすことができない要件や延期する必要がある要件を強調表示します。
- C. プロジェクトの早い段階で達成した進捗状況を顧客に印象づけるために、製品の設計を開始します。
- D. 要件レビューで議論するために、製品のテスト手順を準備します。
正解:B
解説:
According to the PMI Guide to Business Analysis, a requirements review is a formal meeting where the requirements are presented and evaluated by the stakeholders, subject matter experts, and other relevant parties. The purpose of the review is to ensure that the requirements are clear, complete, consistent, feasible, testable, and aligned with the business needs and objectives. To prepare for the review, it would be best for the team to evaluate the requirements and highlight those that cannot be met or need to be deferred, as this would help to identify any gaps, risks, issues, or dependencies that need to be addressed or resolved before proceeding to the design phase. Preparing a test procedure, starting the design, or requesting a contract amendment are not appropriate actions to take before the review, as they could introduce errors, biases, or conflicts in the requirements. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, page 181-182.
質問 # 44
要件収集フェーズの途中で、ステークホルダーからビジネスアナリストに、要求された要件がソリューションに対応していないという報告がありました。ステークホルダーは誰が要求したのかを知りたがっていました。ビジネスアナリストは、要求者を特定するために何時間もかけてメールを検索しました。
ビジネスアナリストは何を文書化しておくべきでしょうか?
- A. 要件トレーサビリティマトリックス内のソース
- B. RACIマトリックスのソース
- C. RACIマトリックスにおける役割と責任
- D. 要件トレーサビリティマトリックスにおけるスポンサーの承認
正解:C
解説:
Documenting the source of each requirement in the requirements traceability matrix allows for easy identification of the requestor and facilitates communication with stakeholders. References: PMI-PBA Examination Content Outline, Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide.
質問 # 45
プロジェクトの要件ベースラインが確立され、承認されます。その後、関係者は変更管理プロセスを通じて新しい要件を提出します。
ビジネスアナリストは既存の要件への影響をどのように判断できますか?
- A. タイムボックスを使用して新しい要件を延期します。
- B. ステークホルダー分析を実行します。
- C. ユースケースのドキュメントを更新します。
- D. 要件トレーサビリティ マトリックスを確認します。
正解:D
解説:
The business analyst can determine the impact of a new requirement on existing requirements by reviewing the requirements traceability matrix. The requirements traceability matrix is a tool that tracks the relationships and dependencies among the requirements, as well as other project elements such as design, test cases, risks, or issues. By reviewing the requirements traceability matrix, the business analyst can identify which existing requirements are affected by the new requirement and assess the impact of the change on the scope, schedule, cost, or quality of the project. Performing a stakeholder analysis is not a way to determine the impact of a new requirement on existing requirements, as it focuses on identifying and understanding the needs, expectations, and influence of the stakeholders, not the requirements. Using time-boxing to defer the new requirement is not a way to determine the impact of a new requirement on existing requirements, as it postpones the analysis and implementation of the new requirement until a later iteration or phase of the project. Updating the use case documentation is not a way to determine the impact of a new requirement on existing requirements, as it only reflects how the new requirement affects one aspect of the solution functionality, not the entire project. References: Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide 1, page 161-162; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline 2, page 19.
質問 # 46
プロジェクト開始から数か月後、ビジネスアナリストはコストが想定される利益を上回っていると判断しました。ビジネスアナリストは、製品をキャンセルせざるを得なくなる可能性のあるリスクに対処したいと考えています。
次の文書のうちどれを使用すべきでしょうか?
- A. ステークホルダー影響マトリックス
- B. プロジェクト憲章
- C. ビジネス分析計画
- D. ビジネスケース
正解:D
解説:
The business case provides the rationale for the project and includes an analysis of the costs and benefits. It is used to assess risks, including the potential need to cancel the product. References: PMI-PBA Examination Content Outline, Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide.
質問 # 47
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