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OCEG GRCP 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 33
Which of the following best describes the overall process of analyzing risk culture in an organization?
- A. Evaluating the organization's risk appetite and tolerance levels for each type of risk.
- B. Determining the level of risk-taking that each employee is comfortable with.
- C. Analyzing the climate and mindsets about how the workforce perceives risk, its impact on work, and its integration with decision-making.
- D. Assessing the organization's ability to attract and retain top talent that is willing to take risks to achieve objectives.
正解：C
解説：
Risk culturerefers to the attitudes, behaviors, and mindsets that influence how risk is perceived, managed, and integrated into decision-making.
* Analyzing Risk Culture:
* Involves assessing theworkforce's perceptionsof risk and its role in daily operations.
* Focuses on how risk-related decisions are made and how the workforce understands and mitigates risk impact.
* Integration with Decision-Making:
* A strong risk culture ensures that risk considerations are embedded in strategic and operational decisions.
* Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A: Individual comfort levels are only a small aspect of risk culture.
* B: Talent attraction and retention are related to workforce culture, not risk culture.
* C: Risk appetite and tolerance are strategic metrics, not part of the cultural assessment process.
References:
* ISO 31000 (Risk Management): Discusses the role of organizational culture in risk perception and management.
* COSO ERM Framework: Connects risk culture to decision-making and strategy.
質問 # 34
How can organizations encourage the occurrence of positive events while preventing negative ones?
- A. Through using financial actions and controls
- B. Through implementing proactive actions and controls
- C. Through relying on responsive actions and controls
- D. Through employee training and follow-up
正解：B
解説：
Organizations can encourage positive events and prevent negative ones by implementingproactive actions and controls. Proactive controls arepreventive measuresdesigned to address risks and opportunitiesbefore they occur, reducing the likelihood of undesirable outcomes and increasing the probability of achieving organizational objectives.
Key Aspects of Proactive Actions and Controls:
* Prevention Focus:
* Proactive controls mitigate risks by addressing vulnerabilities and root causes.
* Example: Regular security audits to prevent data breaches.
* Encouraging Positive Outcomes:
* Proactive controls also identify opportunities and create conditions that increase the likelihood of achieving desirable results.
* Example: Implementing reward systems to encourage employee innovation.
* Early Identification:
* Proactive actions help organizations identify risks and opportunities early, providing time to act effectively.
Why Option A is Correct:
Proactive actions and controls aredesigned to prevent negative eventsandpromote positive ones, making them the most effective way to achieve this goal.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* B. Employee training and follow-up: While training is an important part of proactive measures, it is not sufficient on its own to encourage positive events or prevent negative ones.
* C. Using financial actions and controls: Financial controls focus on budgets and resources but do not inherently address broader risks and opportunities.
* D. Relying on responsive actions and controls: Responsive controls address events after they occur, rather than preventing or encouraging outcomes proactively.
References and Resources:
* ISO 31000:2018- Highlights the role of proactive risk treatment and opportunity management.
* COSO ERM Framework- Discusses preventive and proactive actions for achieving objectives.
* NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF)- Recommends proactive controls for addressing risks.
質問 # 35
Can the Second Line provide assurance over First Line activities, and under what conditions?
- A. No, the Second Line cannot provide assurance over First Line activities because it is focused on strategic planning and long-term goals, not on assurance activities
- B. Yes, the Second Line can provide assurance over First Line activities regardless of the design or performance of the activities because it has a higher level of authority and the necessary skills
- C. No, the Second Line cannot provide assurance over First Line activities because it lacks the necessary authority and jurisdiction
- D. Yes, the Second Line may provide assurance over First Line activities so long as the activities under examination were not designed or performed by the Second Line, and the Second Line personnel have the required degree of Assurance Objectivity and Assurance Competence relative to the subject matter and desired Level of Assurance
正解：D
解説：
In the Three Lines of Defense Model, the Second Line (functions such as risk management and compliance) may provide assurance over First Line (business operations) activities under specific conditions to ensure independence, objectivity, and competence.
Conditions for Second Line Assurance:
Separation of Duties: The Second Line can only provide assurance if it did not design or perform the activities it is examining. This separation is crucial to avoid conflicts of interest.
Assurance Objectivity: The Second Line personnel must maintain objectivity, avoiding any bias or personal stake in the outcome of their evaluations.
Assurance Competence: The Second Line must have the technical expertise and skills required to evaluate the subject matter accurately.
Why Option C is Correct:
It aligns with the principles of independence and objectivity required for assurance activities.
It recognizes the Second Line's role in oversight and assurance without encroaching on the operational responsibilities of the First Line.
Relevant Frameworks and Guidelines:
IIA's Three Lines Model (2020): Emphasizes the importance of objectivity and independence in assurance activities.
COSO ERM Framework: Discusses the distinct roles of governance, risk, and assurance functions.
In summary, the Second Line can provide assurance over the First Line, but only under conditions that ensure objectivity and competence, as outlined in established GRC models and frameworks.
質問 # 36
How does Benchmarking contribute to the improvement of a capability?
- A. By assessing the impact of organizational culture.
- B. By evaluating the effectiveness of risk management campaigns.
- C. By identifying potential legal and regulatory issues.
- D. By comparing the capability's performance to industry standards or best practices.
正解：D
解説：
Benchmarking involves comparing a capability's performance against industry standards or best practices to identify areas for improvement and enhance overall effectiveness.
How Benchmarking Contributes:
Identifies Gaps: Reveals discrepancies between current performance and desired standards.
Adopts Best Practices: Encourages learning from successful approaches used by other organizations.
Promotes Excellence: Drives continuous improvement by setting higher benchmarks.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A: Legal and regulatory issues are addressed through compliance assessments, not benchmarking.
C: Culture assessments are separate from performance benchmarking.
D: Risk management campaign evaluations focus on specific initiatives, not benchmarking.
Reference:
OCEG GRC Capability Model: Recommends benchmarking as a tool for continuous improvement.
COSO ERM Framework: Highlights industry comparisons in improving organizational capabilities.
質問 # 37
What is the purpose of implementing ongoing and periodic review activities?
- A. To have documentation for use in defending against enforcement or legal actions.
- B. To eliminate the need for external audits.
- C. To reduce the overall cost of operations.
- D. To gauge the effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, and resilience of actions and controls.
正解：D
解説：
Ongoing and periodic review activities are designed toevaluate the performance of actions and controlsin terms of their effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, and resilience.
* Purpose of Reviews:
* Effectiveness: Ensures objectives are being met.
* Efficiency: Confirms optimal use of resources.
* Responsiveness: Measures the speed of adaptation to changes or issues.
* Resilience: Assesses the ability to recover from disruptions.
* Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A: Reviews complement external audits, not replace them.
* B: Cost reduction may be a result but is not the primary purpose.
* D: Documentation for legal defenses is a secondary benefit, not the main goal.
References:
* COSO ERM Framework: Highlights the role of reviews in assessing risk management and control performance.
* OCEG GRC Capability Model: Recommends regular reviews for continuous improvement.
質問 # 38
In the context of assurance activities, what does the term "assurance objectivity" refer to?
- A. To the degree to which an Assurance Provider can minimize costs and maximize efficiency in performing audits.
- B. The degree to which an Assurance Provider can be impartial, disinterested, independent, and free to conduct necessary activities to form an opinion about the subject matter.
- C. To the degree to which an Assurance Provider can provide accurate and reliable information to stakeholders on which they can form an opinion about the subject matter themselves.
- D. To the degree to which an Assurance Provider can adhere to industry standards and best practices in performing audits.
正解：B
解説：
Assurance Objectivity refers to the assurance provider's ability to maintain independence and impartiality in evaluating subject matter.
Impartiality:
Assurance providers must remain unbiased and free from conflicts of interest to ensure their conclusions are trustworthy.
Independence:
Assurance activities should be conducted independently of the area or individuals being evaluated.
Conduct of Activities:
The assurance provider must have the freedom to perform all necessary procedures to evaluate the subject matter comprehensively.
Reference:
IIA Standards (Independence and Objectivity): Highlights the importance of maintaining objectivity in internal audit and assurance activities.
ISO 19011: Reinforces objectivity as a core principle in auditing practices.
質問 # 39
How is the efficiency of the LEARN component measured in terms of the use of capital?
- A. By analyzing the organization's budget allocation and resource utilization.
- B. By evaluating the return on investment from undertaking LEARN activities.
- C. By assessing the efficiency of using financial, physical, human, and information capital to learn.
- D. By measuring changes in the organization's market share and competitive position.
正解：C
解説：
The efficiency of the LEARN component is assessed by evaluating how effectively the organization uses its various forms of capital to facilitate learning and improve performance.
Capital Types Utilized:
Financial Capital: Budget and monetary resources allocated for learning initiatives.
Physical Capital: Infrastructure and tools supporting learning activities.
Human Capital: Skills, knowledge, and expertise of employees.
Information Capital: Data and knowledge systems utilized for decision-making.
Efficiency Metrics:
Focuses on the optimal use of these capitals to minimize waste and maximize learning outcomes.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A: Market share and competitive position are business performance metrics, not specific to learning efficiency.
B: Return on investment is an outcome, not the operational efficiency of capital use.
D: Budget allocation is a component of financial capital but does not encompass all forms of capital.
Reference:
OCEG IACM Framework: Discusses capital efficiency in achieving organizational learning goals.
ISO 30401 (Knowledge Management): Highlights resource utilization in learning and development.
You said:
35. What are some examples of environmental factors that may influence an organization's external context?* O Climate and natural resources O Organizational procurement, vendor selection, and contract negotiation for hazardous waste disposal O Organizational performance metrics, goal setting, and progress tracking regarding climate-related projects O Organizational response to new carbon emission regulations 36. What are some examples of technology factors that may influence an organization's external context? * O Market segmentation, pricing strategies, and promotional activities O Research and Design activity, innovations in materials, mechanical efficiency, and the rate of technological change O How the organization uses technology for employee recruitment, onboarding processes, and performance appraisals O How the organization uses financial forecasting, budgeting, and cost control 37. What are some examples of economic factors that may influence an organization's external context? O Growth, exchange, inflation, and interest rates O Profitability of each line of business O Supply chain management, inventory control, and distribution logistics O Employee retention, job satisfaction, and career development ChatGPT said:
質問 # 40
Why is it important to establish decision-making criteria in the alignment process?
- A. To ensure that the organization stays on track and achieves its objectives
- B. To evaluate the performance of individual employees and teams
- C. To comply with industry regulations and standards
- D. To calculate the return on investment (ROI) of alignment activities
正解：A
解説：
Establishing decision-making criteria in the alignment process is essential for ensuring that decisions are consistent, focused, and aligned with the organization's objectives and strategic goals.
Importance of Decision-Making Criteria:
Staying on Track: Criteria provide a clear framework for evaluating options and making decisions that support the organization's objectives.
Consistency: Ensures decisions are made systematically and not influenced by biases or external pressures.
Accountability: Provides a basis for evaluating whether decisions were made in alignment with established priorities and values.
Why Option B is Correct:
Option B addresses the core purpose of decision-making criteria: ensuring alignment with organizational objectives and staying on track.
Option A (ROI calculation) is a secondary consideration and not the primary purpose.
Option C (compliance) and Option D (employee/team evaluation) are unrelated to decision-making criteria in this context.
Relevant Frameworks and Guidelines:
COSO ERM Framework: Emphasizes the importance of decision-making criteria for achieving strategic objectives.
ISO 31000 (Risk Management): Recommends decision-making frameworks to align risk management activities with objectives.
In summary, establishing decision-making criteria ensures that the organization stays aligned with its objectives, enabling consistent and effective decision-making processes.
質問 # 41
Which category of actions and controls in the IACM includes human factors such as structure, accountability, education, and enablement?
- A. People
- B. Policy
- C. Technology
- D. Information
正解：A
解説：
The People category in the IACM addresses human factors critical for implementing and sustaining effective actions and controls.
Human Factors:
Structure: Organizational design and role assignments.
Accountability: Ensuring individuals are responsible for actions.
Education: Providing training and awareness.
Enablement: Empowering individuals with tools and resources.
Examples:
Leadership development programs.
Defining accountability matrices.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A: Technology refers to tools and systems, not human elements.
B: Policies are formal guidelines, not human-centric controls.
C: Information involves data, not human behaviors.
Reference:
OCEG IACM Framework: Explains the critical role of the people category in organizational controls.
質問 # 42
What is the purpose of assigning accountability for external factors within an organization?
- A. To ensure that individuals with authority and resources are responsible for successfully analyzing, influencing, and sensing external factors that may impact the organization
- B. To reduce the workload of the organization's top management and having staff people track external factors relevant to their own roles
- C. To know who will be using technology to track external events so proper access can be assigned
- D. To eliminate the need for hiring consultants or law firms to monitor external factors
正解：A
解説：
Assigning accountability for monitoring external factors ensures that the organization has a structured approach to assessing and responding to external risks and opportunities. External factors, such as changing regulations, market dynamics, or geopolitical developments, can significantly impact the organization's operations, and a lack of accountability may lead to missed risks or opportunities.
Key Purposes for Assigning Accountability:
* Effective Monitoring:
* Ensures dedicated individuals or teams are responsible for continuously tracking changes in external factors, such as regulatory updates or industry trends.
* Example: Assigning a compliance officer to monitor regulatory updates related to data privacy (e.
g., GDPR).
* Authority and Resources:
* Individuals with accountability must have the authority to make decisions and access resources to take timely action.
* Example: A legal counsel may engage external experts to analyze complex regulatory changes.
* Informed Decision-Making:
* Having accountable individuals ensures the organization can act on external changes, mitigating risks and seizing opportunities.
Why Option B is Correct:
Assigning accountability ensures thatcompetent individuals with the authority and resourcesare dedicated toanalyzing, influencing, and sensing external factorsthat may impact the organization, aligning with governance and risk management best practices.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A: Assigning accountability does not eliminate the need for consultants or legal support; external expertise may still be necessary.
* C: Accountability is about assigning responsibility based on authority and expertise, not just reducing management's workload.
* D: While technology may support tracking, accountability goes beyond assigning access to tools and involves a broader scope of responsibility.
References and Resources:
* COSO ERM Framework- Emphasizes the importance of accountability in risk management processes.
* ISO 31000:2018- Highlights the role of accountability in monitoring external contexts.
* NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF)- Discusses the assignment of responsibility for external risk factors.
質問 # 43
How does the GRC Capability Model define the term "enterprise"?
- A. The enterprise refers to the organization's information technology infrastructure and systems.
- B. The enterprise is the most superior unit that encompasses the entirety of the organization.
- C. The enterprise refers to the organization's sales and distribution channels.
- D. The enterprise refers to a starship that boldly goes where no man has gone before.
正解：B
解説：
In theGRC Capability Model, the term"enterprise"refers to the highest-level organizational unit that includes all its divisions, functions, and activities.
* Definition:
* The enterprise is the broadest scope of the organization, encompassing strategic, operational, and compliance-related efforts.
* Significance in GRC:
* The enterprise context ensures that governance, risk management, and compliance activities are aligned with the organization's overall objectives and values.
* Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* B: Sales and distribution channels are specific operational aspects, not the entire enterprise.
* C: IT infrastructure is one part of the organization, not the whole.
* D: A humorous reference unrelated to the GRC framework.
References:
* OCEG GRC Capability Model: Defines "enterprise" as the comprehensive organizational context for GRC integration.
* COSO ERM Framework: Uses enterprise-level focus to align risk and governance activities.
質問 # 44
What is the purpose of defining identification criteria?
- A. To create a list of potential stakeholders for communication purposes
- B. To establish the organizational hierarchy for decision-making
- C. To determine the budget allocation for risk management activities
- D. To guide, constrain, and conscribe how opportunities, obstacles, and obligations are identified, categorized, and prioritized
正解：D
解説：
Identification criteriaare parameters or guidelines that help organizations systematically recognize and evaluate opportunities, risks (obstacles), and compliance requirements (obligations). These criteria ensure that the process of identifying critical factors is structured, consistent, and aligned with organizational goals.
Key Purposes of Defining Identification Criteria:
* Guidance for Recognition:
* Identification criteria provide a framework for recognizing opportunities, risks, and compliance obligations.
* For example, criteria may help identify risks based on potential impact, likelihood, or alignment with strategic objectives.
* Consistency in Categorization:
* Defining criteria ensures consistency in how items are categorized across departments or teams, avoiding ambiguity or duplication.
* Prioritization of Actions:
* Identification criteria help prioritize items based on their significance, urgency, or alignment with the organization's risk appetite and strategic goals.
* Alignment with Frameworks:
* Many governance and risk management frameworks (e.g.,ISO 31000orCOSO ERM) recommend establishing criteria to ensure risks, opportunities, and compliance obligations are managed effectively.
Why Option B is Correct:
Defining identification criteriaguides, constrains, and conscribeshow opportunities, obstacles, and obligations are identified, categorized, and prioritized, ensuring a structured and efficient process aligned with the organization's goals and resources.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A. Establishing the organizational hierarchy: Defining identification criteria focuses on risk, opportunity, and obligation management, not hierarchy building.
* C. Creating a stakeholder list: Stakeholder identification is separate and is not tied directly to defining criteria for risk or opportunity evaluation.
* D. Determining budget allocation: Budget decisions may follow from identified risks and opportunities but are not the primary purpose of defining identification criteria.
References and Resources:
* ISO 31000:2018- Risk Management Guidelines: Discusses defining criteria for identifying and evaluating risks and opportunities.
* COSO ERM Framework- Highlights the importance of criteria in identifying risks and aligning them with strategy and performance.
* NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF)- Recommends clear identification processes for risks and obligations.
質問 # 45
In the context of event notifications, how can technology-based notifications benefit an organization?
- A. These notifications eliminate the need for any human involvement in the assignment of follow-up tasks
- B. These notifications are always more reliable than traditional paper-based methods
- C. These notifications often (though not always) alert the organization sooner than other methods, especially when human methods fail or are delayed
- D. Use of this type of notification is only beneficial for large organizations with complex structures
正解：C
解説：
Technology-based notifications, such as automated alerts, emails, or text messages, are widely used in organizations to ensure timely communication about events or incidents. These notifications are particularly beneficial forspeed, accuracy, and consistency, especially in situations where rapid action is needed.
Key Benefits of Technology-Based Notifications:
* Faster Alerts:
* Automated notifications can alert stakeholders to issuessooner than human-initiated methods, reducing delays caused by manual processes.
* Example: A system monitoring tool detects an unauthorized login attempt and immediately alerts the cybersecurity team.
* Reliability in Case of Human Error or Delays:
* Technology-based notifications reduce reliance on manual communication, which may be delayed due to workload, oversight, or miscommunication.
* Scalability:
* Automated systems can handle a large volume of notifications efficiently, making them valuable for organizations of all sizes.
* Integration with Systems:
* These notifications can integrate with monitoring tools (e.g., security information and event management [SIEM] systems) to provide real-time alerts and logs.
Why Option B is Correct:
Technology-based notificationsoften alert the organization sooner, especially when human methods fail or are delayed, making them an essential tool for event management.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A: Technology-based notifications are notalwaysmore reliable; they depend on system accuracy and proper configuration.
* C: Technology-based notifications are beneficial for organizations of all sizes, not just large ones.
* D: While these notifications reduce human involvement, they do not eliminate the need for human oversight or task assignments in many cases.
References and Resources:
* NIST Incident Response Framework- Highlights the use of automated notifications for rapid response.
* ISO 22301:2019- Business Continuity Management: Discusses the role of technology in effective communication during incidents.
* COSO ERM Framework- Explains the benefits of leveraging technology for timely event management.
質問 # 46
What is the significance of evaluating costs and benefits during design?
- A. It determines the number of employees to commit to any aspect of the design.
- B. It provides insights into the preferences and behaviors of customers and clients.
- C. It ensures that the costs do not outweigh the benefits of a design decision.
- D. It enables the organization to decide it would rather bear the risk and cost of a compliance enforcement action than spend more money to ensure compliance.
正解：C
解説：
Evaluating costs and benefits during the design phase ensures that design decisions are economically justified and aligned with organizational goals.
Purpose of Cost-Benefit Evaluation:
Ensures that the investment in design delivers value exceeding the costs incurred.
Helps balance resources, risks, and expected outcomes.
Key Benefits:
Avoids overinvestment in unnecessary controls or processes.
Aligns decision-making with organizational priorities and strategic goals.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A: This is an unethical and shortsighted approach, not a principle of cost-benefit evaluation.
B: Determining employee allocation is part of resource management, not the primary purpose of cost-benefit evaluation.
C: Customer insights are valuable but do not pertain specifically to cost-benefit analysis during design.
Reference:
OCEG GRC Capability Model: Highlights cost-benefit evaluation in designing effective actions and controls.
ISO 31000 (Risk Management): Recommends cost-benefit analysis for risk treatment options.
質問 # 47
How can the Code of Conduct serve as a guidepost for organizations of all sizes and in all industries?
- A. It is a legally mandated document that must be established and followed by all organizations
- B. It is only applicable to large organizations in specific industries
- C. It is a starting point for policies and procedures in large organizations or those in highly regulated industries, while in small organizations that are less regulated it is the only guidance needed
- D. It sets out the principles, values, standards, or rules of behavior that guide the organization's decisions, procedures, and systems, serving as an effective guidepost
正解：D
解説：
ACode of Conductoutlines the principles, values, and behavioral expectations that guide an organization's employees, leadership, and stakeholders in making ethical and responsible decisions. It serves as aguidepost by providing a foundation for policies, procedures, and organizational culture.
Key Characteristics of the Code of Conduct:
* Universal Application:
* A Code of Conduct is relevant fororganizations of all sizes and industries. While its content may vary depending on the organization's goals and context, its principles (e.g., integrity, accountability, and respect) are universally applicable.
* Guiding Organizational Behavior:
* It provides a framework for ethical decision-making, helping employees understand what behaviors align with organizational values.
* Example: Including anti-discrimination and anti-harassment principles in the Code of Conduct.
* Alignment with Policies and Procedures:
* The Code of Conduct is often the foundation for more specific policies andprocedures, ensuring consistency across the organization.
* Promoting Trust and Accountability:
* A clear and well-communicated Code of Conduct helps build trust among stakeholders by demonstrating the organization's commitment to ethical practices.
Why Option A is Correct:
The Code of Conduct serves as aguidepostby definingprinciples, values, standards, and rules of behavior that guide decisions, systems, and processes across all sizes and industries.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* B: A Code of Conduct is not limited to large organizations or specific industries; it applies universally.
* C: While some industries may require codes of conduct by law, it is not a legally mandated document for all organizations.
* D: Small organizations may require additional policies and procedures beyond a Code of Conduct, regardless of their regulatory environment.
References and Resources:
* ISO 37001:2016- Anti-Bribery Management Systems, which emphasizes the role of a Code of Conduct in promoting integrity.
* OECD Principles of Corporate Governance- Discusses the importance of a Code of Conduct in guiding behavior.
* COSO ERM Framework- Highlights the role of ethical principles and values in governance and organizational culture.
質問 # 48
What is the term used to describe a cause that has the potential to result in harm?
- A. Hazard
- B. Obstacle
- C. Prospect
- D. Opportunity
正解：A
解説：
In GRC terminology, a hazard is a condition, situation, or factor that has the potential to cause harm or adverse effects. It is commonly used in the context of risk management, health and safety, and environmental compliance.
Definition of Hazard:
A hazard is the cause of potential harm, such as physical injury, financial loss, reputational damage, or legal violations.
Examples of hazards include weak cybersecurity controls, hazardous materials, or non-compliance with regulatory requirements.
Why Option A is Correct:
"Hazard" is the universally accepted term for a cause of potential harm in risk management frameworks (e.g., ISO 31000, COSO ERM).
"Prospect" (Option B) and "Opportunity" (Option C) are related to potential gains, not harm.
"Obstacle" (Option D) refers to a barrier or hindrance, not specifically a cause of harm.
Relevant Frameworks and Guidelines:
ISO 31010 (Risk Assessment Techniques): Discusses the identification and evaluation of hazards as part of risk assessment.
NIST SP 800-30 (Risk Assessment): Includes identification of threats, which can be considered analogous to hazards in the context of information security.
In summary, a hazard is a cause of potential harm that must be identified and mitigated to manage risks effectively in any organizational context.
質問 # 49
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