100%無料L4M7試験問題集で試験を簡単に合格させるPassTest
無料L4M7試験問題L4M7実際のリアル試験問題
CIPS L4M7試験は、プロジェクトマネージャーやエンジニア、測量士、施設マネージャーなど、資産管理に携わるプロフェッショナルに最適です。また、このフィールドでキャリアを追求したい個人や、自己の知識を拡大したいと思っている人にも適しています。この認定は世界的に認知され、様々な産業界の雇用主から高く評価されています。
CIPS L4M7（CIPS全生涯資産管理）試験は、プロの認定プログラムであり、プロフェッショナルがアセットをその全生涯にわたって管理するために必要な知識とスキルを身につけることを目的としています。このプログラムは、調達およびサプライチェーンのプロフェッショナル向けのトレーニングと認定を提供する、グローバルに認知されている団体であるChartered Institute of Procurement and Supply（CIPS）によって提供されています。CIPS L4M7試験は、調達マネージャー、サプライチェーンマネージャー、およびメンテナンスマネージャーを含むアセット管理に関わるプロフェッショナルに最適です。
質問 # 55
Which among the following are the tools for reducing acquisition costs in purchasing?
1. Procurement card
2. Automated Storage & Retrieval System
3. Porter's value chain
4. P2P system
- A. 2 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 3 only
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1 and 4 only
正解：D
解説：
There are several methods to reduce the acquisition costs in procurement. L4M7 study guide lists the following methods:
- Buyer discretionary spend
- 'User buying'
- Vendor managed inventory (VMI)
- Two-bin Kanban
- Product catalogue
- e-Procurement techniques, including some systems such as ERP, procure-to-pay (P2P), e-requisition, e-tendering, etc.
- Procurement cards
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
質問 # 56
XYZ Ltd organises a meeting in order to decide on the safety stock level of a strategic material which is used in XYZ latest product - DMD. To do this, they must forecast the future demand for this new product. In the meeting, external consultants are invited to join with cross-functional team. Each person of the group anonymously replies to questionnaires and subsequently receives feedback in the form of a statistical representation of the "group response," after which the process repeats itself. The goal is to reduce the range of responses and arrive at something closer to expert consensus. XYZ Ltd is using which forecasting method?
- A. Holt-Winters seasonal method
- B. Objective forecasting technique
- C. Delphi method
- D. Time series analysis
正解：C
解説：
Delphi method was developed in the 1950s, originally to forecast the impact of technology on warfare. The method entails a group of experts who anonymously reply to questionnaires and subsequently receive feedback in the form of a statistical representation of the "group response," after which the process repeats itself. The goal is to reduce the range of responses and arrive at something closer to expert consensus. The Delphi Method has been widely adopted and is still in use today. Delphi method is a subjective forecasting technique Holt-Winters forecasting is a way to model and predict the behavior of a sequence of values over time-a time series. Holt-Winters is one of the most popular forecasting techniques for time series. It's decades old, but it's still ubiquitous in many applications, including monitoring, where it's used for purposes such as anomaly detection and capacity planning.
Time series analysis is a statistical technique that deals with time series data, or trend analysis. Time series data means that data is in a series of particular time periods or intervals.
Objective forecasting approaches are quantitative in nature and lend themselves well to an abun-dance of data. There are three categories of objective forecasting methods: time series, caus-al/econometric, and artificial intelligence.
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 57
Which of the following best describes the relationship between a service level and safety stock?
- A. When safety stock is zero the service level always equals zero.
- B. A safety stock is not always required to achieve a required service level
- C. A service level decreases in proportion to a decrease in safety stock
- D. A service level increases in proportion to an increase in safety stock
正解：B
解説：
Holding extra stocks will always improve customer service levels, or at least reduce the risk of them falling. This implies that if an organisation aims at higher service levels, they should have larger safety stock. However, increasing safety stock is not the only solution to improve service level. The widespread adoption of just-in-time (JIT) techniques particularly in the automotive industry has greatly reduced costs with increased service levels as well as the additional benefit of increased problem visibility.
The correct answer should be 'A safety stock is not always required to achieve a required service level'.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
質問 # 58
A manufacturer aims at increasing the service levels to 99% from 97% through expanding the safety stock. Safety stock can be used to accommodate which of the following?
1. Variability of stock turn
2. Variability of holding costs
3. Variability of demand
4. Variability of lead time
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 3 and 4 only
- D. 1 and 3 only
正解：C
解説：
Safety stock is also known as buffer stock. As this name suggests, this type of stock provides some kind of 'buffer', which means safety stock will help the business to reduce the shocks induced by volatile demand or disruption on the supply chain. In other words, safety stock will reduces the probability of stockouts. The following graph would explain the reason why an organisation should have safety stock:
Figure 1: Safety stock graph
As it is only the buffer against uncertainty, safety stock level should be equal to the deviation of demand or replenishment time. Safety stock should be able to accommodate variance of demand and variance of lead time.
Reference:
- Safety stock explained
- CIPS study guide page 84-86
LO 2, AC 2.1
質問 # 59
Which of the following is the core idea of Lean manufacturing?
- A. Waste elimination
- B. New product development
- C. Improving response to erratic demand
- D. Business Continuity Planning
正解：A
解説：
The core idea of lean manufacturing is actually quite simple...relentlessly work on eliminating waste from the manufacturing process. Waste is defined as any activity that does not add value from the customer's perspective. According to research conducted by the Lean Enterprise Research Centre (LERC), fully 60% of production activities in a typical manufacturing operation are waste - they add no value at all for the customer.
On the other hand, agile manufacturing places an extremely strong focus on rapid response to the customer - turning speed and agility into a key competitive advantage.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 60
XYZ Ltd is a retailer in the US. Their customers' demand for Thanksgiving and Christmas decora-tions usually rises in the end of the year. This irregular demand results in more required storage space for finished goods during peak seasons. Which of the following are possible solutions for dealing with required additional space?
1. Maximising aisle width
2. Keeping high buffer stock throughout the year
3. Maximising flexibility in warehouse layout
4. Installing mezzanine floor
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 3 and 4 only
- D. 1 and 3 only
正解：C
解説：
Possible solutions to the high irregular or seasonal demand problems are listed below:
* Take advantage of the height of the warehouse
- Mezzanine floor
- High racking system (increase storage capacity but require high-reach material handling equip-ment)
* Eliminate dead stock or inventory
* Improve material flow
* Improve storage location method
* Consider using aisle space during demand peak
* Narrow aisles between racks (require narrow handling equipment)
* Carousel-type storage system
* Auto-storage and retrievals system (ASRS)
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
質問 # 61
Which of the following are typical characteristics of 2D barcodes? Select TWO that apply.
- A. 2D barcodes are exclusively used for marketing purpose
- B. 2D barcodes can contain more data than 1D barcodes
- C. The 2D barcodes are machine-readable
- D. 2D barcodes can be read by linear scanners
- E. Every 2D barcodes must conform international standards
正解：B、C
解説：
Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes look like squares or rectangles that contain many small, individual dots. This has many different types (i.e. Data matrix, QR codes, Aztec code,...) and several different standards in use (i.e. GS1 standards, ISO/IEC 18004:2015). It can be substituted for 1D barcode, but it has the capability to hold a larger amount of data. For examples, GS1 Data Matrix can contain 3116 Numeric characters or 2335 Alphanumeric characters while GS1-128 barcode has maximum capacity of 48 characters.
Like 1D barcodes, 2D barcodes are also machine-readable with dots/squares and spaces. They have symbology like this:
Since the code is two dimensional, conventional laser scanner can't read it. 2D barcodes require imaging scanner to read.
2D barcodes can be also used for different purposes throughout the supply chain: identifying prod-ucts/SKU (single unit, packaged or pallet), identifying content of a purchase order or delivery, identifying the batch number from which the item originates, identifying the manufacturer, country of origin etc, tracking status of an order, shipment or delivery Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 62
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Dependent demand items are not directly correlated with production rate
- B. Car engine is an example of independent demand items in a car assembly plant
- C. All indirect supplies are independent demand items
- D. Number of independent demand items may be derived from the forecast
正解：D
解説：
Dependent demand is the requirement for stock item which is directly related to and therefore de-pendent upon the rate of production (examples are: raw materials, components, energy).
Independent demand is the requirement for stock item which is not directly related to, and is therefore independent of rate of production.
'Number of independent demand items may be derived from the forecast': Although independent demand is called thus, it can still be influenced by economic factors external to the demand-supply model such as general consumer sentiment and consumers' available disposal income. However, businesses that need to predict the number of products with independent demand needed to sate their customers have it easier than businesses that must calculate the demand for products with dependent demand because there are fewer factors to consider.
'Dependent demand items are not directly correlated with production rate': As mentioned above, dependent demand items are directly correlated with production rate.
'All indirect supplies are independent demand items': Though most indirect supplier are inde-pendent demand, some are determined by the production rate, i.e. energy consumption of a major machinery.
'Car engine is an example of independent demand items in a car assembly plant': Car engine is a component in car which is the finished good of a car assembly plant, it is a dependent demand item.
LO 2, AC 2.1
質問 # 63
Which of the following are warehouse layouts that allow the cross aisle to meet picking aisle at angles different from 90 degrees?
1. 'Fan' shaped layout
2. Herringbone-shaped layout
3. U-shape layout
4. L-shape layout
- A. 1 and 3 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 3 and 4 only
- D. 1 and 2 only
正解：D
解説：
In a traditional warehouse, storage racks are arranged to create parallel picking aisles, perhaps with one or more cross aisles to allow workers to move quickly between picking aisles. This structure forces workers to travel rectilinear distances (north-south and east-west) to picking locations.
Kevin R. Gue and Russell D. Meller proposed alternative aisle designs:
- The 'Fan' shaped layout (or "Flying V"). This layout maintains parallel picking aisles, but al-lows the cross aisle to take on a different shape. If travel begins and ends at the bottom of the V, Gue and Meller expected distance to retrieve a single pallet is 10% less in this warehouse than in an equivalent traditional design.
- The Herringbone-shaped layout (or commonly referred as Fishbone layout) combines the verti-cal picking rows of a traditional warehouse with a second set of horizontal picking rows, divided by a V-shaped diagonal alley crossing the entire warehouse. This simple modification to the typical warehouse design allows employees (e.g. a forklift driver) to increase travel speed between picking locations. Efficiency gains achieved through a layout reconfiguration would reduce picking cost up to 23% compared to an equivalent warehouse using a traditional configuration.
Reference
Aisle Design - Kevin Gue
LO 1, AC 1.1
質問 # 64
GAP Ltd is a growing retail business. It spends a lot of money on buying stock for sale. However, the procurement process is still largely manual. This manual process contains a lot of tasks that are repeated for each procurement event and time consuming. The company management team decides to adopt procure-to-pay (P2P) software in order to eliminate duplicate activities and improve process efficiencies. Which type of cost is GAP targeting?
- A. Holding costs
- B. Acquisition costs
- C. Disposal costs
- D. Cost of stockouts
正解：B
解説：
Costs of holding inventory include the following:
* Acquisition cost
* Inventory holding cost
* Costs of stock-outs
Acquisition costs follow the typical procure-to-pay model. Benefits of procure-to-Pay (P2P) software include:
- Vendor Management, which includes researching, selecting, engaging with, and evaluating the performance of suppliers who make up your supply chain.
- Purchase Requisition Workflows, or the formal process of creating and submitting a purchase requisition (PR) for approval to meet a specific business need.
- Purchase Order (PO) Workflows, covering the creation of a formal, detailed PO from the purchase requisition, including information on the quantity and quality of goods and services, as well as specific terms and conditions.
- Receiving, which includes the acceptance of physical goods (or review of quality and completion for services) and entering the accepted order into inventory, tracking, and accounting systems.
- Invoice Management, during which the invoice is compared to the original PO to verify pricing, quality, quantity, and terms have been met.
- Accounts Payable Workflows, wherein the accounts payable department processes the invoice for payment, submits the payment to the vendor, and reconciles any related financial entries in the accounting system.
The software is intended to help reduce the acquisition costs.
LO 2, AC 2.2
質問 # 65
In a manufacturing facility, which types of inventory have the lowest value?
1. Finished goods
2. Secondary components
3. Work in progress
4. Raw materials
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 3 and 4 only
正解：B
解説：
Raw materials are basic input materials - they are only processed limitedly or have not been pro-cessed at all. Their values are equal to acquisition cost and are the lowest value of stock held.
Secondary components are the products that are combined with others to produce the finished goods. They are acquired in the processed state. Their value is higher than raw materials, but still at acquisition cost.
Work in progress is the stock part-way through manufacture that has not been finished. It is typically not completed yet, so it doesn't have full value. But the costs of processing already carried out makes it more valuable than materials and components.
Finished goods are completed and ready to be used or sold. Finished goods are the most expensive and need to be stored in good conditions.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
質問 # 66
An electricity company charges its customers monthly fee for access and a usage fee for consump-tion of electricity. Which pricing structure is the company using?
- A. Freemium Pricing
- B. Dynamic pricing
- C. Multi-part pricing
- D. Fixed pricing
正解：C
解説：
Multi-part pricing. The transaction price is calculated from using two or more metrics rather than just one. The most common economic example of a price structure beyond unit pricing is called a two-part tariff. Basically it can be described such that the "entrance fee" provides the privilege of purchasing the metered component. A common multi-part tariff is the two-part tariff in electricity, under which the customer pays a monthly fee for access and a usage fee for consumption of electricity. With this two-part tariff, the operator is able to charge a price equal to marginal cost for electricity, which is profit maximizing, and deviate from marginal cost pricing in the fee for access.
Freemium is an internet-based pricing strategy where a service is offered for free in the beginning, but the price is charged on the premium package with some additional features. However, freemium pricing strategy is different from the premium pricing strategy because freemium offers free sample which you can use without paying anything, you'll only be charged when you want additional features.
Demand pricing is also synonymously used for dynamic pricing; it is a relative term used in the online platform. Dynamic pricing means different pricing is charged from the different customers depending upon the urgency, customer's ability and demand of the customers.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
質問 # 67
A group of items which are stacked together for more convenient movement is called...?
- A. Unit price
- B. Stacker
- C. Unit load
- D. Load cell
正解：C
解説：
Unit load is a term used to describe grouping of different items into a convenient stack or stacks which make them easy to handle and store. Typically this involves pallets and/or the plastic wrap-ping of a load.
Stacker is designed to lift and stack pallets. This one is fully mobile so can move easily around the warehouse. An operator would typically sit or stand while driving like a counterbalanced, reach or straddle lift truck.
A load cell is a type of transducer, specifically a force transducer. It converts a force such as ten-sion, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standard-ized.
Unit price is the price of a single product or service, used for example when buying several things together to refer to the price of each one.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
質問 # 68
ASI Ltd is known for its commitment to sustainability. ASI builds railroad ties and pilings using recycled plastic bottles and industrial waste instead of standard materials such as wood, steel, and cement. This practice helps the company save 15% in compare with traditional material purchases. Which pillar of sustainability would include the practice of ASI Ltd?
- A. People and Planet
- B. Profit and Expense
- C. Profit and People
- D. Planet and Profit
正解：D
解説：
The triple bottom line is a sustainability framework that examines a company's social, environment, and economic impact (or People, Planet, Profit). ASI Ltd practice would reduce the waste into the environment as well as keep the business more profitable. So the correct answer should be Planet and Profit.
Reference:
- 25 Years Ago I Coined the Phrase "Triple Bottom Line." Here's Why It's Time to Rethink It.
- CIPS study guide page 202
LO 3, AC 3.3
質問 # 69
Company XYZ is a candy manufacturer. Company XYZ makes a batch of 1,000 Christmas candy canes that are no longer edible after December 31. Company XYZ is able to sell 750 canes of the batch, but the other 250 are sitting in the warehouse. December 31 comes, and these candy canes is no longer sell-able. The batch of 250 candy canes belongs to which type of inventory?
- A. Redundant inventory
- B. Stockout
- C. Buffer stock
- D. Obsolete inventory
正解：D
解説：
Obsolescent stock is stock, usually finished goods, which is in good condition and satisfactory working but for which demand is irreversibly falling towards zero. Once this demand reaches zero the stock can be considered 'obsolete'. It cannot be used or sold in its current state. Food ingredients (like candy canes) which are out of date are another example.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
質問 # 70
Can RFID tags work when they are attached to metal surfaces or embedded within metal products?
- A. Yes, some technologies allow RFID tags to work on metal or within metal products
- B. Yes, all RFID tags can be used in every environmental conditions
- C. No, metal surface reflects the radio wave and thus interferes the operations of RFID tags
- D. No, RFID tags only work with plastic products
正解：A
解説：
Mounting or embedding RFID tags on metal can be tricky. Metal surfaces reflect energy emitted from RFID readers and create interference for RFID tag antennas, which means the tag isn't able to receive power and transmit information; however, specific RFID tags will work around metal sur-faces. RFID companies have patented technology that allows RFID to work when attached to metal surfaces and even embedded within metal products. As long as you choose the correct RFID equipment for your environment and application, you won't need to worry about interference from metal.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 71
When deciding on the storage facilities and locations, an organisation needs to assess the current situation comprehensively and forecast the future demands. Quantitative analysis is the best method for these activities. Is this statement true?
- A. No, subjective judgements are the best as they compensate for weaknesses of quantita-tive analysis
- B. Yes, quantitative analysis provides a reality based on numerical values
- C. No, some intangible information is difficult to collect and measure
- D. Yes, quantitative analysis is easy to implement as it is based on 'hard' facts
正解：C
解説：
Decisions regarding stores and warehouse locations involve a complex range of issues that are unique to each business. Most storage facilities and location decisions are based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Qualitative analysis uses subjective judgment to analyze a situation based on non-quantifiable in-formation, such as potential markets for new products, forecast on possible risks that may happen, etc.
Quantitative analysis (QA) is a technique that uses mathematical and statistical modeling, meas-urement, and research to understand behavior. Quantitative analysts represent a given reality in terms of a numerical value. This may include the following:
- Cost analysis for the current premises and future predictions based on current premises
- Cost analysis for routine operations
- Current inventory performance measures: lead times, service levels, rate of stock turn, stock-outs in a given period and stock cover To get a big picture of current situation and future demands, organisation should combine both qualitative and quantitative methods so that useful information is achieved and well-informed decisions are made.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
質問 # 72
Which of the following is often created by each business and commonly used for the purpose of inventory management?
- A. ISBN
- B. FDA product code
- C. Harmonised system
- D. SKU
正解：D
解説：
Organisations often create their own stock keeping unit (SKU) numbering system, which may or may not have a meaningful structure. Stock keeping unit is a number that is assigned to a product for the purpose of inventory management and is of tracking. In other words, a stock keeping unit is a unique identifier assigned to each product for easier and more efficient record keeping.
An FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) product code describes a specific product and contains a combination of five to seven numbers and letters. The product code submitted with each FDA line item should match the actual product name and/or invoice description of the product.
The International Standard Book Number is a numeric commercial book identifier which is in-tended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 73
A retailer wants to improve its service level in inventory management from 95% to 97%. Which of the following is the best course of action?
- A. Increasing safety stock
- B. Decreasing safety stock
- C. Expanding replenishment lead time
- D. Holding more cycle stock
正解：B
解説：
For single items, an extra investment in inventory (higher levels of safety stock) will always in-crease customer service levels. Conversely, higher service levels imply larger quantities of safety stocks and an increased investment in inventory. (Procurement and Supply Chain Management - 9th Edition) Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
質問 # 74
Which of the following are the different types of inventory that a manufacturing company usually has?
1. Work in progress
2. Economic order quantity
3. Raw materials
4. Finished goods
- A. 2, 3 and 4
- B. 1, 2 and 4
- C. 1, 3 and 4
- D. 2, 3 and 4
正解：C
解説：
The normal breakdown in a manufacturing organisation would be raw materials, components, work in progress and finished goods.
Following are the different types of inventory:
Raw materials are the basic materials that a manufacturing company buys from its suppliers, and that is used by the former to convert them into the final products by applying a set of manufacturing processes. For example, aluminum scrap is the raw material for a company that produces aluminum ingots. Flour is the raw material for a company that produces bread or pizza. Similarly, metal parts and ingots are the raw materials bought by a company that manufactures cars, and crude oil is the raw material for an oil refinery.
Work in progress inventory can also be called semi-finished goods. They are the raw materials that have been taken out of the raw materials store and are now undergoing the process of their conversion into the final products. These are the partly processed raw materials lying on the production floor. And they have also not reached the stage where they have been converted into the final product.
Finished goods are indeed the final products obtained after the application of the manufacturing processes on the raw materials and the semi-finished goods discussed above in the article. They are saleable, and their sale contributes fully to the revenue from the core operations of the company.
Reference:
- Types of Inventory
- CIPS study guide page 82-83
LO 2, AC 2.1
質問 # 75
To improve the security of a warehouse, alarm systems are commonly used. Which of the following is an important part of these systems?
- A. Fencing
- B. Sensors
- C. Lighting
- D. CCTV
正解：B
解説：
The most basic alarm consists of one or more sensors to detect intruders, and an alerting device to indicate the intrusion. However, a typical premises security alarm employs the following compo-nents:
- Premises control unit (PCU), Alarm Control Panel (ACP), or simply panel: The "brain" of the system, it reads sensor inputs, tracks arm/disarm status, and signals intrusions. In modern system, this is typically one or more computer circuit boards inside a metal enclosure, along with a power supply.
- Sensors: Devices which detect intrusions. Sensors may be placed at the perimeter of the protected area, within it, or both. Sensors can detect intruders by a variety of methods, such as monitoring doors and windows for opening, or by monitoring unoccupied interiors for motions, sound, vibration, or other disturbances.
- Alerting devices: These indicate an alarm condition. Most commonly, these are bells, sirens, and/or flashing lights. Alerting devices serve the dual purposes of warning occupants of intrusion, and potentially scaring off burglars. These devices may also be used to warn occupants of a fire or smoke condition.
- Keypads: Small devices, typically wall-mounted, which function as the human-machine interface to the system. In addition to buttons, keypads typically feature indicator lights, a small multi-character display, or both.etc.
- Interconnections between components. This may consist of direct wiring to the control unit, or wireless links with local power supplies.
In addition to the system itself, security alarms are often coupled with a monitoring service. In the event of an alarm, the premises control unit contacts a central monitoring station. Operators at the station see the signal and take appropriate action, such as contacting property owners, notifying police, or dispatching private security forces. Such signals may be transmitted via dedicated alarm circuits, telephone lines, or the internet.
Reference:
Security alarm - Wikipedia
LO 1, AC 1.1
質問 # 76
International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique international identification system for each product form or edition of a monographic publication published or produced by a specific publisher. ISBN is an example of...?
- A. Harmonized system
- B. Own product code system
- C. Check digit
- D. Industry standard code
正解：D
解説：
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. ISBN is standardised by ISO 2108:2017. ISBN is an example of industry standard code as it applies to commercial books around the world.
Check digits are additional numbers or characters added to codes that a computer uses to verify the number is valid. The intention is to reduce the likelihood of miskeying an item and hitting an alternative live item. More often, a system is devised which a computer can calculate using combination of numbers.
Own product code system: an organisation will use its own product code system. This has the ad-vantage that the organisation can construct a code that is effective and fits with its software and variety of items covered.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. It came into effect in 1988 and has since been developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO) (formerly the Customs Co-operation Council), an independent intergovernmental organization based in Brussels, Belgium, with over 200 member countries.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 77
......
CIPS L4M7認定試験は、全寿命資産管理の原則、資産管理戦略、資産管理における技術の役割、および資産管理における持続可能性の重要性など、さまざまなトピックをカバーしています。この試験は、実際の現場でこれらのトピックを理解し、適用できるかどうかをテストするために設計されています。CIPS L4M7認定試験に合格することは、候補者が資産を効果的、効率的、かつ持続可能にその全寿命サイクルにわたって管理するために必要な知識とスキルを持っていることを示しています。
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