[2024年11月21日] 365日無料更新NPDP知能問題集をゲット
ベスト品質のPDMA NPDP試験問題
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質問 # 35
Most product development activity is focused on _______.
- A. Line extensions
- B. New brands
- C. New to world products
- D. Derivatives and product improvement
正解：D
解説：
Most product development activity is focused on derivatives and product improvement. This involves enhancing existing products, making incremental changes, or developing variations of current products to meet specific customer needs or to enter new market segments. These activities tend to have lower risk and can leverage existing brand equity and customer loyalty.
References:
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing Product Development: Quantum Leaps in Speed, Efficiency, and Quality. Free Press.
Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.
質問 # 36
Kano analysis can help you weed out requirements for different customers to determine which have the lowest priority.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Kano analysis is a useful tool in product development for categorizing customer requirements based on their impact on customer satisfaction. It helps to identify which features will delight customers and which are basic expectations. However, its primary purpose is not to weed out low-priority requirements but to prioritize features based on their potential to satisfy customers. Here's a detailed look:
Basic Needs: Features that customers expect and consider essential. Their absence leads to dissatisfaction.
Performance Needs: Features that customers explicitly request and that improve satisfaction proportionally to their presence.
Excitement Needs: Features that customers do not expect but that can greatly enhance satisfaction when present.
While Kano analysis helps prioritize features, determining which have the lowest priority involves additional considerations such as cost, feasibility, and strategic alignment, rather than just using Kano analysis alone.
Thus, the correct answer is B: False.
References:
Kano, N., Seraku, N., Takahashi, F., & Tsuji, S. (1984). Attractive Quality and Must-Be Quality.
Journal of the Japanese Society for Quality Control.
Berger, C., et al. (1993). Kano's Methods for Understanding Customer-defined Quality. Center for Quality Management Journal.
質問 # 37
The purpose of market research in the Concept Evaluation Stage is select projects for funding. Typical market research techniques include secondary research and market testing
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
The primary purpose of market research in the Concept Evaluation Stage is to gather data to assess the viability and potential of a product concept. This includes understanding customer needs, market size, and competitive landscape, rather than selecting projects for funding. Techniques used include secondary research, surveys, focus groups, and concept testing. Market testing is typically done later, in the product development or commercialization phases. References: Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.
質問 # 38
Any type of NP process is more productive than nothing.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Not all new product (NP) processes are equally productive. An ineffective NP process can lead to wasted resources, missed opportunities, and suboptimal product outcomes. Effective NP processes involve structured methods like Stage-Gate or Agile, ensuring systematic progress, risk management, and alignment with market needs. Therefore, saying any NP process is better than nothing overlooks the importance of having a well-designed and managed process. References: Cooper, R. G. (2008). The Stage-Gate Idea-to-Launch Process-Update, What's New, and NexGen Systems. Journal of Product Innovation Management.
質問 # 39
Which ideation tool used in new product development generates a graphical output linking various pieces of information, ideas and thoughts?
- A. Delphi technique
- B. Brainstorming
- C. Brainwriting
- D. Mind-mapping
正解：D
解説：
Mind-mapping is an ideation tool used in new product development that visually organizes information, ideas, and thoughts. It helps in structuring brainstorming sessions and capturing the flow of ideas in a graphical format, making it easier to identify relationships and generate new insights. Reference: Buzan, T.
(2010). The Mind Map Book: Unlock your creativity, boost your memory, change your life. BBC Active.
質問 # 40
Concept testing should be accomplished on a new concept primarily for which of the following reasons?
- A. To determine whether the new product meets the customer needs and whether the new product is cost-effective for them
- B. To screen and eliminate poor concepts and help develop the good concepts
- C. To determine whether the product works as expected
- D. To test the combined package of product and its marketing plan to determine the level of success
正解：B
解説：
Concept testing is primarily used to assess new product ideas before significant resources are invested in development. It helps in screening out poor concepts that are unlikely to succeed and refining promising ones by gathering feedback from potential customers. This process ensures that only the most viable and well-received concepts move forward, thus reducing the risk of failure and optimizing resource allocation.
References:
Urban, G. L., & Hauser, J. R. (1993). Design and Marketing of New Products (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Aaker, D. A., Kumar, V., Day, G. S., & Leone, R. P. (2010). Marketing Research (10th ed.). Wiley.
質問 # 41
In which of the following scenarios is it most important to use net present value rather than payback period for financial analysis of a new product's potential?
- A. Potential profitability is high, the product has a short life cycle and interest rates are high
- B. Potential profitability is high, the product has a log life cycle and interest are low
- C. A low level od capital expenditure is required, the product has long potential life cyckle and interest rates are hign
- D. A high level of capital expenditure is required, the product has long potential life cycle, and interest rates are high
正解：D
解説：
Net present value (NPV) is most important in scenarios where a high level of capital expenditure is required, the product has a long potential life cycle, and interest rates are high. NPV considers the time value of money, providing a comprehensive assessment of a project's profitability by discounting future cash flows to their present value. This method is particularly critical in projects with substantial initial investments and long-term cash flows, as it accurately reflects the financial viability and helps in comparing investment opportunities. Reference: "Principles of Corporate Finance" by Richard A. Brealey, Stewart C. Myers, and Franklin Allen details the application and importance of NPV in financial analysis.
質問 # 42
Which of the following is not a common participant (individual who supports a team) of a team:
- A. Facilitator
- B. Champion
- C. Sponsor
- D. Captain
正解：D
解説：
Common participants who support an NPD team include:
Champion: An advocate for the project who supports and drives it forward within the organization.
Facilitator: Helps the team with processes, communication, and overcoming obstacles.
Sponsor: Provides resources, support, and executive backing for the project.
"Captain" is not a common term used to describe a participant in the context of NPD teams. Instead, the roles of champion, facilitator, and sponsor are widely recognized and crucial for the success of NPD projects.
References: Cooper, R. G. (2001). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch.
Basic Books.
質問 # 43
The purpose of the Development Stage is to design the product.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
The purpose of the Development Stage in the new product development process goes beyond just designing the product. This stage involves detailed engineering of the product, development of prototypes, testing, and validation to ensure that the product meets all required specifications and customer needs. It also includes planning for production and refining the business case based on more accurate cost and time estimates.
Designing the product is a critical component, but the development stage encompasses a broader scope, including addressing manufacturability, reliability, and preparing for market launch. References: Cooper, R.
G. (2001). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch. Basic Books.
質問 # 44
The purpose of the Scoping Stage is a quick, preliminary investigation of the project and involves mostly desk (or secondary) research.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
The purpose of the Scoping Stage in the new product development process is to conduct a quick, preliminary investigation of the project. This stage involves mostly desk research (secondary research) to gather initial information about the market, competition, technical feasibility, and potential risks. The goal is to assess the viability of the project before committing significant resources to more detailed development activities.
Thus, the correct answer is A: True.
References:
Cooper, R. G. (2011). Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation. Basic Books.
Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.
質問 # 45
A company is developing a product thst is basically a realtively simple line extension of existing products. I knows the market well and the risks associated with product failure are low. What type of Stage-Gate process would be most likely appropriate for this development
- A. A 3-stage process with a strong emphasis on pre-launch test test marketing
- B. A 5-stage process with significant market reaserch research built into the decision-making
- C. A relatively short 3-stage process focusing on speed to market
- D. A 5-stage process with heavy emphasis on initial business analysis
正解：C
解説：
For a product that is a relatively simple line extension of existing products, where the market is well known, and the risks associated with product failure are low, a "relatively short 3-stage process focusing on speed to market" is most appropriate. This streamlined process allows the company to quickly develop and launch the product by focusing on essential stages such as idea screening, development, and commercialization, without the need for extensive business analysis or market research typical in more complex or riskier projects.
質問 # 46
What type of assesment helps a team achieve increased communication during the work of the project?
- A. Project portfolio management assesment
- B. Personality assesment, like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- C. Functional resource assesment as used in creating the project budget
- D. Work style assesment, like DiSC
正解：B
解説：
Personality assessments, such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), help team members understand each other's communication styles, strengths, and preferences. This understanding fosters better communication and collaboration within the team by allowing members to appreciate and leverage diverse perspectives and working styles. Reference: Myers, I.B., & Myers, P.B. (1995). Gifts Differing:
Understanding Personality Type. Davies-Black Publishing.
質問 # 47
Reaserach that involves collectiong information specifally tailored to your need (such as focus groups or surveys) is known as ____:
- A. Primary research
- B. Secondary research
- C. Quantitative research
- D. Qualititative research
正解：A
解説：
Primary research refers to the process of collecting data directly for the specific purpose at hand. This type of research is tailored to meet the unique needs of the researcher and can include methods such as:
Focus groups: Small, diverse groups of people whose reactions are studied to gauge the response to a particular product, service, or concept.
Surveys: Structured questionnaires designed to gather specific information from a targeted audience.
Primary research is essential for obtaining relevant and up-to-date data that addresses specific research questions directly. Reference: "Marketing Research Essentials" by Carl McDaniel and Roger Gates provides an in-depth look at primary research methodologies.
質問 # 48
A functional team is best suited for which type of project?
- A. Relatively simple product line extensions or improvements
- B. Product development that is totally new to the company
- C. A project that demands total commitment from team members
- D. Highly complex, requiring strong cross-disciplinary collaboration
正解：A
解説：
A functional team is best suited for relatively simple product line extensions or improvements. Functional teams consist of members from the same department or function who bring specialized skills and knowledge to the project. These teams are effective for projects that do not require extensive cross-disciplinary collaboration and can be managed within a single functional area. For highly complex projects or those requiring innovation across multiple disciplines, a cross-functional or project-specific team would be more appropriate. Reference: "Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling" by Harold Kerzner explains the suitability of different types of teams for various project complexities.
質問 # 49
In a test market, a representative piece of the total market is chosen for a dress rehearsal of the product and its marketing plan.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
A test market involves selecting a representative piece of the total market to conduct a trial run or "dress rehearsal" of a product and its marketing plan. This approach helps to evaluate the product's performance, gather feedback, and make any necessary adjustments before a full-scale launch. The selected test market should ideally mirror the broader target market in terms of demographics, purchasing behavior, and other relevant characteristics to provide accurate and useful insights.
Thus, the correct answer is A: True.
References:
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2015). Marketing Management. Pearson.
McDaniel, C., & Gates, R. (2013). Marketing Research. Wiley.
質問 # 50
Which of the following statements is the best regarding the use of market testing during new product launch?
- A. Test marketing the product is the most powerful and successful approach to market testing
- B. Market testing must always be used to test the combined package of the product and the marketing plan to determine the level of success
- C. Pseudo sale market testing is a valuable tool because it provides complete and very accurate information on whether a customer will purchase a new product
- D. Market testing is not necessary when product use testing was successful, capital investment is low, and the organization understands the business
正解：D
解説：
Market testing involves evaluating the product and its marketing strategy in a real-world setting before a full-scale launch. However, it may not be necessary if previous testing phases (such as product use testing) have already shown positive results, if the financial risk is low, and if the organization has sufficient knowledge and experience in the market. In such cases, the benefits of market testing may not justify the additional time and cost.
References:
Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2014). Principles of Marketing (15th ed.). Pearson Education.
Moore, G. A. (2002). Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling High-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers (Revised ed.). HarperBusiness.
質問 # 51
Which type of team has the following characteristic: Each functional organization designates a liaison person to "represent" it on a project coordination committee?
- A. Lightweight
- B. Tiger
- C. Heavyweight
- D. Functional
正解：A
解説：
In the context of team structures for new product development, the characteristic described in the question fits a Lightweight team. Here are the key features of different team types and how they relate to the given characteristic:
A. Functional: Teams are organized strictly by functional areas, with limited coordination across functions.
B. Lightweight: In this structure, each functional organization designates a liaison person to "represent" it on a project coordination committee. This setup facilitates communication and coordination between different functional areas without removing team members from their primary functional roles.
C. Tiger: This involves forming a dedicated, cross-functional team taken out of their functional areas to work full-time on the project, providing high focus and autonomy.
D. Heavyweight: A stronger matrix where the project manager has significant authority, but team members are still functionally aligned and involved.
Thus, the correct answer is B: Lightweight.
References:
Clark, K. B., & Wheelwright, S. C. (1992). Organizing and Leading "Heavyweight" Development Teams. California Management Review.
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing Product Development: Quantum Leaps in Speed, Efficiency, and Quality. Free Press.
質問 # 52
New products include:
I. New to the world products, or breakthroughs, e.g. the personal computer II. New category entries, or platforms, e.g. Intel's 386, 486, Pentium, etc.
III. Additions to product lines, or enhancements, e.g. Pentium II 500mhz, etc.
- A. II and IIID
- B. I and III
- C. I, II and III
- D. I and II
正解：C
解説：
New products can be categorized into several types:
I. New to the world products, or breakthroughs: These are revolutionary products that create entirely new markets, such as the personal computer.
II. New category entries, or platforms: These are new products that introduce a company into a new category, such as Intel's various generations of processors.
III. Additions to product lines, or enhancements: These include improvements or extensions of existing products, such as incremental upgrades to existing product lines.
All three categories represent different ways that companies can innovate and expand their product offerings.
References: Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management. Pearson; Crawford, C. M., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2011). New Products Management. McGraw-Hill Education.
質問 # 53
A value proposition should focus on _____________, not ____________?
- A. Benefits, costs
- B. Features, benefits
- C. Revenue, costs
- D. Benefits, features
正解：D
解説：
A value proposition should focus on benefits, not features. Benefits describe the value and advantages that customers gain from using a product or service, whereas features are the specific attributes or functionalities of the product. Focusing on benefits helps to clearly communicate how the product solves a problem or improves the customer's situation, which is more compelling and persuasive to potential buyers.
References:
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G., & Smith, A. (2014). "Value Proposition Design: How to Create Products and Services Customers Want". Wiley.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). "Marketing Management" (14th ed.). Pearson Education.
質問 # 54
Which of the following are advantages of customer visits?
I. Helps the new product development team to understand customers better II. Face-to-face communication provides more than a phone interview III. Customer visits are one of the best ways of developing a customer viewpoint in team members who usually don't have much customer contact IV. There is a potential for interviewer bias
- A. I, II, III, IV
- B. I, II, III
- C. I, II, IV
- D. II, III, IV
正解：B
解説：
Customer visits have several advantages:
I. Helps the new product development team to understand customers better: Direct interaction with customers allows the team to gain deep insights into customer needs, preferences, and pain points.
II. Face-to-face communication provides more than a phone interview: In-person meetings facilitate richer communication, including non-verbal cues and a deeper understanding of customer context.
III. Customer visits are one of the best ways of developing a customer viewpoint in team members who usually don't have much customer contact: It immerses team members in the customer's environment, fostering empathy and a customer-centric mindset.
While interviewer bias (IV) is a potential disadvantage, it does not count as an advantage of customer visits.
References: Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.
質問 # 55
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