更新されたPDF（2025年最新）実際にあるCIPS L4M6試験問題
検証済みのL4M6試験問題集PDF[2025年最新] 成功の秘訣はPassTest
質問 # 65
Which of the following are not stages of team development? Select TWO.
- A. Forming
- B. Accepting
- C. Mourning
- D. Achieving
- E. Adjourning
正解：B、D
解説：
This question is very, very similar to a real exam question and is a really mean one. The CIPS study guide describes stages of team development as forming, storming, norming and performing. Of those listed in the book only forming is listed above. What the textbook fails to tell you is that some people add on two additional stages to this model which are mourning and adjourning. I strongly recommend doing some further reading on this (it's called the Tuckman Group Development Model) as it comes up a lot in the exam and the study guide doesn't really go into enough detail.
質問 # 66
When a large organization partners with a small supplier to develop new technology, it is necessary for regular communication. Is this statement true?
- A. Yes, because partnerships require regular communication to succeed in meeting mutual objectives
- B. Yes, because a small supplier must be told what to do and when, because they have fewer employees
- C. No, because regular communication will stop a small supplier from doing their work
- D. No, because partnerships do not require regular communication during development of new technology
正解：A
解説：
Effective communication is essential in partnerships to ensure alignment on objectives, progress updates, and issue resolution. Regular communication builds trust and fosters collaboration, leading to successful outcomes.
質問 # 67
Which of the following are Intellectual Property Rights that you would you encounter in procurement and supply contracts? Select THREE.
- A. Patents
- B. Method Statements
- C. Copywrite
- D. Risk Assessments
- E. Trademark
正解：A、C、E
解説：
Intellectual Property Rights include; Patents, Copywrite, Trademarks and Trade Secrets. P.114
質問 # 68
The procurement department is sourcing new uniforms for its housekeeping team. Although the housekeeping team in itself doesn't hold a lot of power within the business, they have a high interest in the activity as it will be them who is wearing the items. When designing the specification, how should the procurement department manage the housekeeping team?
- A. Keep them informed- it's important the housekeeping team know what's going on at each stage of the procurement
- B. Keep them satisfied- they will be wearing the uniform so need to be happy with it
- C. Manage them closely- they're key players in this procurement activity
- D. Minimal effort is required as they do not hold a lot of power in the business.
正解：A
解説：
The housekeeping team have low power and high interest. According to Mendelow's stakeholder matrix, this puts them in the bottom right corner which is 'keep informed'. See p.81 for more information
質問 # 69
A competitor develops an alternative type of vacuum cleaner to one produced by your organization. Is this an example of the threat of substitutes, one of the five forces of competition described by competitive forces theory?
- A. No, it is a threat from a new entrant to the market
- B. Yes, there are no barriers to entry; it is an oligopoly
- C. Yes, customers may switch to alternative products
- D. No, it does not serve the same purpose
正解：C
解説：
Substitute products pose a competitive threat by offering alternative solutions to customers, potentially eroding market share. Effective differentiation and customer retention strategies are essential.
質問 # 70
What is collaborative inertia?
- A. Where a third party is invited to join a partnership.
- B. A situation when the apparent output from collaboration is considerably less than expected
- C. When a partnership is unable to create new ideas
- D. the concept that the value and performance of two companies combined will be greater than the sum of the separate individual parts
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is 'A situation when the apparent output from collaboration is considerably less than expected'. This is verbatim the definition given in the study guide on p.166 A synergy is the concept that the value and performance of two companies combined will be greater than the sum of the separate individual parts.
質問 # 71
In the public sector, there are many sources of information that a buyer can use to identify a suitable supplier. Which of the following could be used? Select THREE
- A. Procurement Platforms
- B. Tradeshows
- C. Internal stakeholders' knowledge
- D. Intranet
- E. OJEU
正解：A、B、C
解説：
The correct answers are; tradeshows, internal stakeholders' knowledge and e-procurement platforms. Intranet is incorrect as this is an internal system so you wouldn't find information on external suppliers on here the careful not to confuse intranet with internet). OJEU is also incorrect; this is the platform on which tender opportunities in the public sector are published- its not a list of suppliers.
質問 # 72
Which of the following are advantages of partnering?
- A. Continual improvement
- B. Hard to displace
- C. Supply chain consolidation
- D. Prioritization of transactions
正解：A、C
解説：
Partnering supports supply chain consolidation and continual improvement by fostering collaboration and shared objectives. These benefits align with the strategic goals of building resilient and efficient supply chains.
質問 # 73
A company supplies IT equipment and buys most of its components from first-tier suppliers in the UK. It wants to analyze its supply market to develop the supply chain and is going to review the main factors that have an influence. The company wants to use the STEEPLED external environmental analysis framework to achieve the best result. Which of the following STEEPLED factors is most likely to have the greatest effect?
- A. Economic
- B. Ethical
- C. Technological
- D. Sociocultural
正解：C
解説：
Technological factors play a pivotal role in IT equipment supply chains. Advancements, obsolescence, and innovation significantly affect production, cost, and competitiveness, making it a primary focus in supply chain development.
質問 # 74
Gabriel is a procurement manager who wishes to explore a new avenue to procure products for his company.
His manager has told him that he should invite internal stakeholders to a meeting to get their feedback. Who should Gabriel invite? Select THREE.
- A. legal department
- B. suppliers
- C. customers
- D. employees
- E. end-users
正解：A、D、E
解説：
Internal stakeholders are those who work within the business so include the legal department, employees and end-users. End-users mean those people and departments who will be using the product or service. For example if Gabriel is procuring new software- an end-user would be anyone who would be using that software (whether they're employees, volunteers or agencies). CIPS outlines types of stakeholders on p.64
質問 # 75
A textile company is purchasing a new item which is low value. This item is likely never to be required again by the company and is widely available from many different suppliers. Which commercial relationship type would be most effective for the buyer to choose?
- A. Closer tactical
- B. Partnership
- C. Adversarial
- D. Outsourcing
正解：C
解説：
For low-value, non-recurring items with many suppliers, an adversarial relationship focusing on competitive pricing and minimal engagement is most appropriate. Partnerships are unnecessary for such transactions.
質問 # 76
Sugar Doughnut Ltd has a jam supplier that they have used successfully for over ten years. They have made investments in the supplier's factory to support them with capital equipment upgrades in return for cost reduction on jam. The two companies also collaborate on bids for large supermarkets when looking to supply doughnuts and work together on quality improvements. No contracts exist between the two companies. Could this relationship be said to be a partnership relationship?
- A. Yes, because they both operate in the food sector
- B. No, because they have only worked together for ten years
- C. No, because contracts do not exist between the two companies
- D. Yes, because they have demonstrated close collaboration on various projects
正解：D
解説：
The relationship qualifies as a partnership due to their collaboration, shared investments, and mutual efforts toward improvement, regardless of the absence of formal contracts. Partnerships focus on shared goals, trust, and strategic alignment rather than mere documentation.
質問 # 77
Fashion buyer Kamal Sumai is working closely with a key overseas supplier and is monitoring and forecasting cost volatility within the fabric market. Kamal has decided it is the right time to raise a purchase order with his supplier for a greater quantity of fabric than he currently needs. Kamal is attempting to avoid an imminent price increase. What is this tactic known as?
- A. Spot buying
- B. Forward buying
- C. Hedging buying
- D. Derivative buying
正解：B
解説：
Forward buying involves purchasing in advance to lock in current prices and avoid future increases. This strategy is effective in volatile markets where price hikes are anticipated.
質問 # 78
Francisco has entered a partnership with Pedro, who is a key supplier, and wants to ensure that the partnership achieves all of Francisco's goals. As well as qualitative and quantitative KPIs, what other measures could Francisco take to ensure the partnership is a success?
- A. Conduct regular audits
- B. Threaten the supplier with termination if he underperforms
- C. Do frequent appraisals on the supplier
- D. Ensure there is a damages clause in the contract
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is 'Conduct regular audits'. This is explained on p.153. You wouldn't do an appraisal on a supplier in a partnership relationship as both parties are equal. Threatening a partner isn't good for the relationship and a damages clause would be used in a contractual relationship rather than a partnership.
質問 # 79
You work at XYZ manufacturers and a competitor has just released a rival washing machine to the product that you make. This model is proving popular with customers. What competitive force is at play?
- A. buyer power
- B. threat of substitution
- C. supplier power
- D. threat of new entrant
正解：D
解説：
This is a threat of a new entrant. The competitor has now entered the washing machine market and is competing directly with you. This is not a threat of substitution as it is the same product. A substitution would be if they invented a new product that washed clothes and people started buying this instead of washing machines. There are many questions in the exam on Porter's 5 Forces - see p. 39
質問 # 80
Janet runs a factory which produces 1 million bread rolls every day. It requires a large amount of flour, and for this to be delivered regularly- in time with manufacturing operations. There are very few suppliers in the market place that can deliver the quality of flour Janet requires in the quantities required. Janet has just established a contract with Friendly Flour Limited - what type of supplier is Friendly Flour Limited to Janet?
- A. strategic
- B. leverage
- C. routine
- D. bottleneck
正解：A
解説：
Friendly Flour Ltd is a strategic supplier; this is a critical supplier, responsible for core products. They represent a high risk impact and a high cost impact. This is the top-right hand corner of the Kraljic matrix. There are lots of questions on Kraljic in the exam - do revise this topic and ensure you understand each of the four quadrants of the matrix (see p.20)
質問 # 81
A partnership was created between a company and one of its local suppliers when the managing directors of each company met and thought partnering could be a good idea. No other departments were included in the discussions. The partnership has been in place for over a year, but neither of the companies has achieved any additional benefits. The company has been unable to offer any increased business to the supplier, and the supplier has been unable to improve on the quality of its products. The partnership is going to be terminated.
What is a possible main reason for the failure of the partnership?
- A. Cultural differences
- B. Distance barrier
- C. Poor planning
- D. Market changes
正解：C
解説：
Partnerships require careful planning, including alignment of goals, stakeholder involvement, and clear expectations. Poor planning leads to unmet objectives and lack of value generation, as highlighted by CIPS.
質問 # 82
Value for money in the private sector is concerned with what?
- A. Getting the best quality possible
- B. Ensuring taxpayers' money is spent wisely
- C. Shareholder profit and business benefit
- D. Getting the best price possible
正解：C
解説：
Value for money in the private sector is about achieving shareholder profit and busines benefit (p.66). In the public sector it is about ensuring taxpayers' money is spent wisely. Value for money is a mixture of price and quality.
質問 # 83
Pablo has run an open- competition to secure a new contract for a supplier of paper for his Birthday Card making company. He has received 10 submissions from various suppliers and needs to put a team together to evaluate the bids. What type of team should Pablo consider?
- A. A cross-functional team
- B. A team of procurement experts
- C. A team composed of internal and external stakeholders
- D. A team composed of internal stakeholders
正解：A
解説：
Pablo should use a 'cross-functional team'. CIPS love 'cross-functional teams' and refer to them frequently throughout the study guide. A cross-functional team is people from different departments who come together for a purpose, such as to evaluate a tender. The benefit of using a cross-functional team is that you get people with different experiences and knowledge. So in this example a Cross-Functional team could compose of people from various departments such as procurement, logistics, manufacturing and legal. P.76
質問 # 84
A supplier is working with a buyer who represents a large percentage of his business. Without this particular buyer, the supplier would likely go out of business. There has been a dispute in the last invoice which the buyer is not happy about. What technique should the supplier use when talking to the buyer about this?
- A. Accommodating- the supplier should show a large degree of co-cooperativeness as the buyer is important to their survival
- B. Competing- the supplier needs to earn more money as they are struggling financially
- C. Avoiding- the supplier should avoid talking with the buyer as this may result in conflict
- D. Accepting - the supplier should accept that conflict should sometimes occur in buyer: supplier relationships and work hard to avoid them
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is 'accommodating'. This Question: is based
on the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict model on p.87. This comes up quite a bit in the exam. It is comprised of 5 techniques for dealing with conflict; competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding and accommodating. In this instance, the supplier should have a high degree of co-cooperativeness and a low degree of assertiveness as the long-term relationship is very important- more important than the outcome of the disputed invoice.
質問 # 85
At what stage of the relationship cycle could you use Carter's 10 Cs?
- A. segmentation and risk management
- B. development and innovation
- C. qualification
- D. on-boarding
正解：C
解説：
Carter's 10 Cs are a way to qualify (aka shortlist) a supplier. See p.11 for more details on this and p.10 for the stages of the relationship cycle.
質問 # 86
The Pareto Principle is sometimes also known as what?
- A. Five Forces
- B. ABC Analysis
- C. JIT
- D. Cost Engineering
正解：B
解説：
Pareto is the 80:20 rule- this can be adapted to talk about supplier relationships, where instead of having 2 categories there are now 3 (A B and C). CIPS use the terms Pareto and ABC interchangeably. See p.16 for further information
質問 # 87
Victoria runs a hotel and has recently had several security issues such as attempted robberies. She has decided that she needs to hire a security firm to ensure these issues don't continue. She has done some research and has found there are several local security firms who may be able to provide services to her hotel. However, she hasn't decided exactly what she would require the security firm to do. What should be Victoria's next steps?
- A. Issue a Request for Quotation
- B. Issue a Prior Information Notice
- C. Issue an Invitation to Tender
- D. Issue a Request for Proposal
正解：D
解説：
Victoria should use a 'request for proposal' - this allows the security firms to submit ideas on how best to serve the hotel. They might come up with some ideas that Victoria hasn't thought about and can price against their own ideas. As Victoria doesn't have a concrete specification, an ITT or RFQ are not appropriate. A PIN tells suppliers that a tender opportunity is coming up and is used in the Public Sector. A hotel is not a Public Sector organisation. See p.76 for more information on when to issue a Request for Proposal
質問 # 88
Janet runs a factory which produces 1 million bread rolls every day. It requires a large amount of flour, and for this to be delivered regularly- in time with manufacturing operations. There are very few suppliers in the market place that can deliver the quality of flour Janet requires in the quantities required. Janet has just established a contract with Friendly Flour Limited - what type of supplier is Friendly Flour Limited to Janet?
- A. strategic
- B. leverage
- C. routine
- D. bottleneck
正解：A
解説：
Friendly Flour Ltd is a strategic supplier; this is a critical supplier, responsible for core products. They represent a high risk impact and a high cost impact. This is the top-right hand corner of the Kraljic matrix.
There are lots of questions on Kraljic in the exam - do revise this topic and ensure you understand each of the four quadrants of the matrix (see p.20)
質問 # 89
A partnership between a software development company and a software supplier has recently been created. In order for the partnership to be successful, what is a critical action to take in the early stages of their relationship?
- A. Promote the new partnership
- B. Complete audits on the performance of both parties
- C. Look at costing models
- D. Define the standards both parties are expected to meet
正解：D
解説：
Defining standards ensures clear expectations and provides a foundation for accountability and alignment, which are critical for the success of any partnership.
質問 # 90
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