最新（2025)PECB ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor試験問題集
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質問 # 18
Out of the following, which is not the Part of PDCA cycle ISO 45001? Select the correct option, and then select Submit.
- A. Environment Management Program
- B. Treatment of Risks
- C. OHSMS Policy
- D. Analyzing OHSMS Performance
正解：A
解説：
The PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) is a core framework in ISO 45001 for continual improvement of the OH&S management system. An Environmental Management Program is part of ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System) and not ISO 45001.
Analysis of Options:
A . Treatment of Risks:
Correct. Risk treatment is part of the Plan phase.
B . OHSMS Policy:
Correct. The policy is developed in the Plan phase.
C . Environment Management Program:
Incorrect. This is outside the scope of ISO 45001 and relates to ISO 14001.
D . Analyzing OHSMS Performance:
Correct. Performance analysis is part of the Check phase.
ISO Reference:
Clause 0.3: PDCA framework in ISO 45001.
質問 # 19
An adventure park has the following and safety policy document displayed in the reception area:
This organization is committed to providing safe experiences, In accordance with health and safety regulations for their delivery. The organisation will strive to increase the health and safety awareness of its personal, contracts and customers. Continual health and safety improvement is a permanent objective of the organisation. This policy shall be communicated to all interested parties.
Referring to the policy statement, select three options for which the organization is meeting ISO 45001 requirements.
- A. The organization has a good reputation for safe experiences.
- B. The organization intends to communicate its policy to external parties.
- C. The organisation's processes deliver the Intended Improvement to health and safety.
- D. The organisation uses contractors committed to health and safety.
- E. The management Is committed to health and safety Improvement.
- F. The management is committed to health and safety improvement.
- G. The organisation is committed to continual health and safety improvement.
- H. The organisation meets oil statutory requirements.
- I. The organisation satisfies Its customers' health and safety requirement.
正解：B、E、G
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.2 of ISO 45001:2018 outlines requirements for the OH&S policy, emphasizing commitment to continual improvement, compliance with legal requirements, and communication of the policy to interested parties.
Analysis of Options:
A . The management is committed to health and safety improvement:
Correct. The policy explicitly states the organization's commitment to improvement, meeting Clause 5.2 requirements.
C . The organization has a good reputation for safe experiences:
Not relevant to ISO 45001 requirements; reputation is not a policy criterion.
D . The organization intends to communicate its policy to external parties:
Correct. Clause 5.2 requires the policy to be communicated to interested parties.
E . The organization is committed to continual health and safety improvement:
Correct. This directly aligns with Clause 5.2, which mandates continual improvement.
F . The organization meets all statutory requirements:
The policy does not explicitly state compliance with legal requirements, even though this is implied.
G . The organization satisfies its customers' health and safety requirements:
The policy does not specifically address customer requirements.
H . The organization uses contractors committed to health and safety:
Not stated in the policy.
I . The organization's processes deliver the intended improvement to health and safety:
This is not evident from the policy statement.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.2: OH&S policy.
質問 # 20
During a second-party audit at a sawmill, you find that the OHSMS Manager conducted the hazard identification process. In the risk assessment report, hazards were listed as physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards and psychosocial hazards, with the hazards categories as low medium and high to be addressed. The OHSMS Manager did not have an action plan for low and medium risks, saying that they ignored those He stated that they brought in a health and safety consultant to advise on treatment for the high risks.
When interviewing the OHSMS Manager, the auditor presents a nonconformity relating to potential hazards In the factory If the dust extraction system broke down. The OHSMS Manager said that. If that happened, the agreed planned action is that workers would put masks on.
Select one of the options for how the auditor should respond to this statement.
- A. Suggest that they should increase their maintenance checks.
- B. Advise that the factory should cease its operations It the dust extraction equipment malfunctioned.
- C. Seek evidence that the response action is both Implemented and effective.
- D. Ask the OH5MS Manager to confirm that this action meets regulatory requirements for air purity.
正解：C
解説：
The auditor should assess whether the organization's planned action (using masks in case of dust extraction failure) is both implemented and effective. This aligns with ISO 45001 requirements to ensure that control measures are functional and meet the intended objectives.
Clause 8.1.2 (Hierarchy of Controls):
The use of PPE, such as masks, is considered a last resort in the hierarchy of controls. The organization must demonstrate that the measure is:
Implemented (e.g., PPE is available and workers are trained to use it).
Effective (e.g., masks provide adequate protection against dust).
Analysis of Options:
A . Advise that the factory should cease operations if the dust extraction equipment malfunctioned.
While ceasing operations may be a necessary control in extreme situations, it is not a practical or realistic recommendation unless a high-risk scenario cannot be otherwise managed.
B . Ask the OHSMS Manager to confirm regulatory compliance.
Regulatory compliance is important but does not fully address the requirement to ensure the action is effective.
C . Seek evidence that the response action is both implemented and effective.
This is the most appropriate response. The auditor must verify implementation and effectiveness to determine conformity.
D . Suggest increasing maintenance checks.
Maintenance is important for preventing equipment breakdowns, but this option does not address the immediate audit finding about the adequacy of response actions.
ISO Reference:
Clause 8.1.2: Emphasizes applying the hierarchy of controls effectively.
Clause 9.1.1: Requires monitoring and measuring controls to ensure effectiveness.
質問 # 21
When calculating an ISO 45001 third party initial audit duration, which two of the following statements are false?
- A. Include outsourced processes
- B. Consider the number of functions related to OHS management
- C. Think about the complexity of the organization's business
- D. Include the time allocated for lunch breaks
- E. Incorporate the time taken to travel to/from the audit location
- F. Consider the number of sites to be sampled
正解：D、E
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Analysis of Each Option:
A . Consider the number of functions related to OHS management.
True.
The number of functions related to OHS management directly impacts the audit duration. More functions require additional time for the auditor to review documentation, processes, and implementation across those areas.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1 (factors affecting audit time).
B . Consider the number of sites to be sampled.
True.
For multi-site organizations, the number of sites to be sampled is critical in calculating audit duration. Sampling requirements are determined using guidelines such as IAF MD 1:2022 and depend on the complexity, size, and risks associated with each site.
Reference: IAF MD 1:2022, Clause 4.2.
C . Include outsourced processes.
True.
Outsourced processes that affect the OHS management system must be evaluated as part of the audit. This includes reviewing the organization's control over such processes. Auditing these aspects impacts the audit duration.
Reference: ISO 45001:2018, Clause 8.1.4 and IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1.
D . Include the time allocated for lunch breaks.
False.
Lunch breaks are not considered part of the audit duration as they do not contribute to the assessment of the management system. Audit time calculations exclude non-working hours, including breaks.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.5.
E . Incorporate the time taken to travel to/from the audit location.
False.
Travel time is excluded when calculating the audit duration. While travel logistics are considered in audit planning, they do not count towards the total audit time.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.5.
F . Think about the complexity of the organization's business.
True.
The complexity of the organization's business, including the nature of hazards, risks, and legal obligations, significantly affects the audit duration. More complex operations typically require longer audit times.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1.
Key ISO and IAF Reference:
ISO 45001:2018: Clause 9.2.2 (Audit Program).
IAF MD 5:2020: "Determination of Audit Time of Quality and Environmental Management Systems." IAF MD 1:2022: "Audit and Certification of Multiple Sites Based on Sampling."
質問 # 22
You are auditing a site of Good Food Shack, a restaurant chain. In the kitchen area, you notice a half-filled open drum sitting in a pool of liquid, which is dribbling across a work are a. You ask the head Chef what is in the drum and are told it is waste the frying process. When you ask why it is kept there, You are told that it is not normally kept there, but it not a problem and says that he will arrange it to be moved to a storeroom and will give the floor a good clean.
Look around the kitchen, you observe knives and cleavers lying around on worktops, staff wearing no protective gloves and a large pot of boiling water with nobody near it. There is no evidence of any fire extinguishers of fine blankets within sight.
You decide to raise a nonconformance. Select one of the options that best describes the finding against clause 8.1.2 of ISO 45001.
- A. Training of the kitchen staff was not effective enough to prevent poor safety awareness in the kitchen area.
- B. Staff are at risk of serious injury while working in the kitchen.
- C. Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen.
- D. Measures to prevent slippage in the kitchen from waste cooking oil were not taken.
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 8.1.2 of ISO 45001 pertains to Eliminating Hazards and Reducing OH&S Risks. Organizations must implement appropriate controls to manage workplace hazards effectively.
Issue Identified:
The kitchen environment at the audited site presents multiple hazards, including:
Oil spillage creating a slip hazard.
Open drums of waste material posing a chemical or hygiene hazard.
Unsecured knives and cleavers increasing the risk of cuts.
Boiling water left unattended, posing a risk of burns.
Lack of visible fire extinguishers or fire blankets, increasing fire risk.
Analysis of Options:
A . Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen.
This option accurately captures the broader failure to implement effective measures to eliminate or reduce hazards across multiple areas in the kitchen.
B . Measures to prevent slippage in the kitchen from waste cooking oil were not taken.
This is specific to one hazard (oil spillage) and does not address other significant risks observed, such as fire safety or sharp tools.
C . Staff are at risk of serious injury while working in the kitchen.
While true, this is more of a general observation and does not address the root cause of the hazards or the failure of controls.
D . Training of the kitchen staff was not effective enough to prevent poor safety awareness in the kitchen area.
Although training deficiencies may contribute to the issue, this option does not reflect the overarching systemic failure to manage hazards effectively.
Best Description of the Nonconformance:
Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen (Option A) is the most comprehensive finding, reflecting the organization's lack of adequate controls to mitigate hazards.
ISO Reference:
Clause 8.1.2: Organizations must establish controls to eliminate or minimize OH&S risks systematically.
Clause 7.2: Ensuring competency through training is important but must be coupled with hazard control measures.
質問 # 23
Select two options that are corrections.
- A. Changing the name of a tutor that did not deliver a course to the name of the tutor that did.
- B. Adding a missing signature to a corrective action record.
- C. Reviewing workers training records.
- D. Using OHSMS induction training to address an identified lack OHSMS awareness among winkers.
- E. Updating the emergency preparedness plan as a result of carrying out a practical test.
- F. Changing a process to reduce its inherent risk.
正解：A、B
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Corrections address immediate issues, such as errors or omissions, without addressing root causes. Clause 10.2 of ISO 45001:2018 allows for corrections alongside corrective actions.
Analysis of Options:
A . Adding a missing signature to a corrective action record:
Correct. This is a correction addressing an administrative oversight.
B . Changing a process to reduce its inherent risk:
Incorrect. This is a corrective action aimed at addressing root causes, not a correction.
C . Changing the name of a tutor that did not deliver a course to the name of the tutor that did:
Correct. This corrects an error in records without addressing systemic issues.
D . Reviewing workers' training records:
Incorrect. This is part of ongoing monitoring or auditing, not a correction.
E . Updating the emergency preparedness plan as a result of carrying out a practical test:
Incorrect. This is a corrective action resulting from performance evaluation, not a correction.
F . Using OHSMS induction training to address an identified lack of OHSMS awareness among workers:
Incorrect. This is a preventive or corrective action, not a correction.
ISO Reference:
Clause 10.2: Nonconformity and corrective action.
Clause 7.5: Control of documented information
質問 # 24
You are an audit team leader overseeing the activity of a trainee auditor. Your team has just completed a surveillance audit and is assembling the final report.
The trainee has not contributed to a final report before and is clearly struggling with what she should provide to you for inclusion.
Which three of her following statements would be appropriate?
- A. The guide was trying to be helpful and would not stop talking during the audit.
- B. The Sales Manager was kind and seems to be a nice person.
- C. The maintenance team could not replace a lightbulb, let alone an air conditioning unit.
- D. The audit client's objectives for this audit were never realistic. That's why we were unable to complete the audit plan.
- E. The OHS Management team were extremely helpful and went out of their way to facilitate access to required records.
- F. The Production Manager is kicky to have a job as he does not appear to understand how anything works around here.
- G. The OHS Manager disagreed with me In respect of all of the nonconformances I raised. He still does not accept any of them.
- H. The Sales Manager said he had forgotten the password to the Sales Ordering system and so too had everyone else In his department
正解：D、E、H
解説：
Audit reports should focus on objective evidence, observations, and findings relevant to the management system and the audit process. Personal opinions, unrelated remarks, or derogatory comments are inappropriate.
Analysis of Statements:
A . The guide was trying to be helpful and would not stop talking during the audit:
Incorrect. This is irrelevant to the audit findings or conclusions.
B . The Sales Manager was kind and seems to be a nice person:
Incorrect. Personal opinions about individuals are not appropriate in audit reports.
C . The audit client's objectives for this audit were never realistic. That's why we were unable to complete the audit plan:
Correct. This is relevant as it relates to the audit process and highlights challenges in meeting objectives.
D . The maintenance team could not replace a lightbulb, let alone an air conditioning unit:
Incorrect. This is derogatory and irrelevant to the audit report.
E . The OHS Management team were extremely helpful and went out of their way to facilitate access to required records:
Correct. This is a valid observation about cooperation during the audit process.
F . The OHS Manager disagreed with me in respect of all of the nonconformances I raised. He still does not accept any of them:
Incorrect. While disagreements may occur, this statement is overly subjective and not constructive.
G . The Production Manager is lucky to have a job as he does not appear to understand how anything works around here:
Incorrect. Personal attacks or irrelevant judgments have no place in the report.
H . The Sales Manager said he had forgotten the password to the Sales Ordering system and so too had everyone else in his department:
Correct. This relates to system access and could indicate a nonconformance or an opportunity for improvement.
ISO Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.7: Reporting audit results.
質問 # 25
An audit team leader prepares the audit plan for an initial Stage 2 certification audit. Which two of the following statements are false?
- A. The plan does not need to include the names of the senior managers.
- B. The organisation should cancel at staff leave during the audit.
- C. The organisation should review the audit plan for agreement.
- D. The audit team leader should present the plan to the auditee before the Stage 2 audit.
- E. The audit team leader does not select the OHS audit team members.
- F. The audit team leader should plan to interview each employee.
正解：E、F
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Analysis of Each Option:
A . The organisation should review the audit plan for agreement.
True.
According to ISO 45001 guidelines and ISO 19011 (Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems), it is standard practice for the auditee organization to review and agree to the audit plan to ensure clarity on scope, objectives, and processes.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3.2.
B . The audit team leader does not select the OHS audit team members.
False.
The audit team leader is responsible for selecting competent team members with the requisite expertise to evaluate the auditee's Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSMS). Selection is based on criteria such as knowledge of ISO 45001, auditing skills, and understanding of the industry.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 5.4.2 and 6.3.1.
C . The audit team leader should plan to interview each employee.
False.
While employee interviews are an essential part of gathering evidence during an ISO 45001 audit, interviewing every employee is impractical and unnecessary. A representative sampling strategy is used to assess compliance across various levels and departments.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.6.
D . The audit team leader should present the plan to the auditee before the Stage 2 audit.
True.
Presenting the audit plan to the auditee before the audit is essential to ensure all parties are informed and prepared for the audit. This practice is emphasized in ISO 19011 and supports transparency and effective audit execution.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3.3.
E . The organisation should cancel staff leave during the audit.
False.
ISO 45001 and related audit guidelines do not mandate the cancellation of staff leave during audits. While key personnel should be available, the audit team collaborates with the organization to plan around leave schedules to minimize disruption.
Reference: Not explicitly covered in ISO 45001 or ISO 19011; falls under planning discretion.
F . The plan does not need to include the names of the senior managers.
True.
While the audit plan should outline the scope, objectives, and methods, it does not specifically require the inclusion of senior managers' names unless they are directly involved in the audit.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3.2.
Key ISO Reference:
ISO 45001:2018, Clause 9.2 (Internal Audit Requirements).
ISO 19011:2018, Clauses 5.4.2, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, and 6.4.6.
質問 # 26
What does ISO 45001 say are the hazards that have to be considered when planning a health and safety management system? Select the ONE best answer.
- A. Work activities, workplace design, and human factors such as hours of work and bullying and harassment
- B. Work activities where there is the possibility of danger
- C. Work hazards and environmental factors such as bad weather
- D. Hot-work, working at height, enclosed space entry, and work on electrical equipment
正解：A
解説：
ISO 45001:2018 requires a holistic approach to occupational health and safety. This means considering all aspects that could impact worker well-being, not just obvious physical hazards. The correct answer encompasses work activities (the tasks themselves), workplace design (the physical environment), and human factors (psychological and social aspects like working hours and harassment). It's the most comprehensive and aligned with the standard's philosophy ISO 45001:2018, Clause 6.1.2, outlines requirements for hazard identification. Hazards to consider include work activities, workplace design, human factors, and social factors that may impact OH&S. These go beyond traditional physical risks and include psychosocial and organizational hazards.
Analysis of Options:
A . Work activities, workplace design, and human factors such as hours of work and bullying and harassment:
Correct. This comprehensively addresses hazard categories outlined in ISO 45001, Clause 6.1.2.
B . Work activities where there is the possibility of danger:
Too general. ISO 45001 includes broader categories of hazards, including those related to organizational and social factors.
C . Hot-work, working at height, enclosed space entry, and work on electrical equipment:
Too narrow. These are specific hazards but do not encompass the full range outlined in ISO 45001.
D . Work hazards and environmental factors such as bad weather:
Incomplete. While environmental factors are relevant, ISO 45001 also includes workplace design, human factors, and psychosocial hazards.
ISO Reference:
Clause 6.1.2.1: Hazard identification.
Annex A.6.1.2: Examples of hazard categories, including workplace design and human factors.
質問 # 27
Showitoff is an organization specialization in the design and production of wall decorating materials for the domestic market.
During an ISO 45001 certification audit of the site, the auditor comes across an open, walled area just outside the maintenance department. It contains various scraps of wood and metal as well as serveral rusty components. Several heavy concrete beams are learning against a thin brick wall in which cracks are available. When asked about it, the OHS Manager states that he presumes that the materials come from maintenance work, so it is the Maintenance Manager's responsibility.
The auditor interview the Maintenance Manager in his department. He asks about the area outside and is told that it contains some excess material that the Manager likes to keep in case they come in handy at some stage. The auditor points out that the wall appears to be unstable and could collapse at any moment. The Maintenance Manager is not aware of such a situation.
Wash-it-up is an organization that provides window cleaning services for the industrial sector. It has been certified to ISO 45001 for some time and has appointed a new OHS Manager. The auditor asks to see the most recent management review meeting minutes.
Which three statement would represent input audit evidence for the management review?
- A. Report showing the trend of on increase in safety incidents
- B. Decisions on Improvements in the OHSMS
- C. Proposal to priorities health and safety issues as a business strategy
- D. Decisions related to continual Improvement opportunities
- E. Updates to the risk register
- F. Procurement of new safety harnesses for workers
- G. Worker feedback of positive and negative comments
- H. Allocation of a bigger budget for the OHS department
正解：A、E、G
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 9.3 of ISO 45001:2018 defines inputs for management review, which must include information on performance trends, feedback, risks, and opportunities for improvement.
Analysis of Options:
A . Allocation of a bigger budget for the OHS department:
This is an output of management review, not an input.
B . Decisions on improvements in the OHSMS:
This is an output, not an input.
C . Decisions related to continual improvement opportunities:
This is an output, not an input.
D . Procurement of new safety harnesses for workers:
This is an operational action, not an input for management review.
E . Proposal to prioritize health and safety issues as a business strategy:
Proposals may be discussed during review, but they are outputs.
F . Report showing the trend of an increase in safety incidents:
Correct. This is a valid input that informs system performance.
G . Updates to the risk register:
Correct. Risk updates are required inputs under Clause 6.1.2.
H . Worker feedback of positive and negative comments:
Correct. Feedback is an essential input per Clause 5.4 and Clause 9.3.
ISO Reference:
Clause 9.3: Management review inputs.
Clause 5.4: Worker consultation and participation.
質問 # 28
Like many other quality management systems, ISO 45001 uses what is known as a 'PDCA' circle. What do those initials stand for?
- A. Plan, Deliver, Control, Achieve
- B. Plan, Do, Check, Act
- C. Plan, Do, Check, Ask
- D. Prepare, Deliver, Control, Assess
正解：B
解説：
The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) model is a continuous improvement framework used in ISO 45001 and other management systems.
Plan: Establish objectives and processes to deliver results in line with the OH&S policy.
Do: Implement the processes.
Check: Monitor and measure processes against the policy, objectives, and requirements.
Act: Take actions to continually improve the system's performance.
Analysis of Options:
A . Plan, Do, Check, Act:
Correct. This is the standard PDCA cycle.
B . Plan, Do, Check, Ask:
Incorrect. "Ask" is not part of the cycle.
C . Plan, Deliver, Control, Achieve:
Incorrect. This is not the PDCA cycle.
D . Prepare, Deliver, Control, Assess:
Incorrect. This deviates from the PDCA framework.
ISO Reference:
Clause 0.3: PDCA model.
質問 # 29
An internal auditor of a manufacturer of plastic packaging products for the food industry raised a nonconformity against section 10.2 of ISO 45001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC3) stated: "The level of reported health and safety incidents has increased by 9.7% over the last 12 months. This included an increase in reported accidents." A third-party auditor reviewing the internal audit process came across the nonconformity and found that there was no evidence of having been reported to relevant staff. Select three of the following nonconformities that the auditor could raise to ISO 45001.
- A. 9.2.2.e - Management failed to take any action to deal with the audit nonconformity.
- B. 9.2.2 - Report IA202 contained a poorly worded nonconformity (NC3).
- C. 10.2.b - The root cause of the increase in reported health and safety accidents was not investigated.
- D. 9.2.2.d - Staff were not made aware that health and safety incidents were increasing.
- E. 8.1.1 - Operations were not properly controlled to avoid health and safety incidents.
- F. 7.4.3 - The results of the internal audit IA202 were not communicated to interested parties.
正解：A、C、F
解説：
Clause 10.2 requires organizations to investigate nonconformities, determine their causes, and take corrective actions to prevent recurrence. Clause 9.2.2 specifies the requirements for managing internal audit processes, while Clause 7.4.3 emphasizes the need to communicate relevant information effectively.
Analysis of Options:
A . 9.2.2.e - Management failed to take any action to deal with the audit nonconformity:
Correct. Management must ensure that internal audit findings are addressed promptly. The lack of action violates Clause 9.2.2.e.
B . 9.2.2.d - Staff were not made aware that health and safety incidents were increasing:
Incorrect. This clause pertains to the planning and conduct of audits, not the communication of findings.
C . 8.1.1 - Operations were not properly controlled to avoid health and safety incidents:
Incorrect. While increased incidents may suggest operational issues, this option does not directly relate to the internal audit findings.
D . 9.2.2 - Report IA202 contained a poorly worded nonconformity (NC3):
Incorrect. The clarity of the nonconformity wording is not directly relevant to Clause 9.2.2.
E . 10.2.b - The root cause of the increase in reported health and safety accidents was not investigated:
Correct. Failure to investigate root causes violates Clause 10.2.b.
F . 7.4.3 - The results of the internal audit IA202 were not communicated to interested parties:
Correct. Effective communication of audit results is required under Clause 7.4.3.
ISO Reference:
Clause 9.2.2: Internal audit process requirements.
Clause 10.2: Nonconformity and corrective action.
Clause 7.4.3: Communication requirements.
質問 # 30
You are in the closing meeting of a second-party audit to ISO 45001. Which three of the following topics are most likely to come for discussion?
- A. The extent to which the auditee is conforming to the OH&S requirements contained in supply contracts with the auditing organisation.
- B. The extent to which the auditee Is conforming to the requirements set out in ISO 45001.
- C. The extent of the auditee's documented information system.
- D. Whether the audit has correctly performed in current contracts with other customers.
- E. The names and email address of a attendees at the closing meeting. The question of who should chair the closing meeting.
- F. nature of the trading relationship that currently exists between the auditee's and auditor's organisations.
- G. Whether the work instructions for a specify auditee OH&S process are focused on efficiency.
正解：A、B、F
解説：
The closing meeting of a second-party audit focuses on the findings, conformance to agreed requirements, and areas for improvement. ISO 19011:2018 provides guidance on closing meetings, stating that the results of the audit, including conformity with criteria, must be reviewed and agreed upon.
Analysis of Options:
A: The names and email addresses of attendees at the closing meeting:
Irrelevant. Attendance details are not part of the audit discussion.
B: The extent of the auditee's documented information system:
While relevant during the audit, it is not typically a focus in the closing meeting.
C: The extent to which the auditee is conforming to OH&S requirements in supply contracts:
Correct. Second-party audits often assess compliance with contractual requirements.
D: The extent to which the auditee conforms to ISO 45001 requirements:
Correct. The core purpose of the audit is to evaluate conformity to ISO 45001.
E: The nature of the trading relationship between the organizations:
Correct. The trading relationship often shapes the scope and context of second-party audits.
F: Whether the audit has correctly performed in current contracts with other customers:
Irrelevant. The focus is on the specific audit, not contracts with other customers.
G: Whether the work instructions for a specific OH&S process are focused on efficiency:
Irrelevant. Efficiency is not the primary focus of an OH&S audit.
ISO Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.6.1: Conducting the closing meeting.
ISO 45001:2018, Clause 9.2: Internal audit requirements.
質問 # 31
In the ISO 45001 health and safety management system, what is 'documented information'? Select the ONE best answer.
- A. The master copies of the documents used to operate the system, held in any format
- B. Any information about the system, or generated by it, held in any format
- C. Any paperwork generated when the system is in operation
- D. Paperwork such as Permits to work and risk assessments
正解：B
解説：
ISO 45001 defines "documented information" as information required to be controlled and maintained by an organization. This can include policies, procedures, records, or other relevant data in any format (Clause 3.19). It encompasses all information used to establish, operate, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the OH&S management system.
Analysis of Options:
A . Any paperwork generated when the system is in operation:
Incorrect. This is too narrow and excludes digital or other formats.
B . Any information about the system, or generated by it, held in any format:
Correct. This aligns with the ISO 45001 definition in Clause 3.19.
C . Paperwork such as Permits to Work and risk assessments:
Incorrect. These are examples of documented information but do not encompass the full scope of the term.
D . The master copies of the documents used to operate the system, held in any format:
Incorrect. This definition is limited to master copies, while documented information includes records as well.
ISO Reference:
Clause 3.19: Definition of documented information.
Clause 7.5: Control of documented information.
質問 # 32
Wokrer's participations is a key factor for the success of OHSMS. Which three of the following ISO 45001 activities require workers' participation?
- A. Establishing OHS policy
- B. Determining competence requirements
- C. Determining actions to eliminate hazards
- D. Determining what needs to be communciated
- E. Establishing OHS objectives
- F. Managing internal audit programme
正解：A、C、E
解説：
Worker participation is a fundamental principle of ISO 45001 (Clause 5.4). It ensures workers at all levels are involved in key activities to enhance the OH&S management system's effectiveness.
Analysis of Options:
A . Determining competence requirements:
Incorrect. Determining competence is primarily the responsibility of management, though workers may provide input.
B . Establishing OHS objectives:
Correct. Worker involvement ensures objectives are realistic and relevant to workplace conditions (Clause 6.2).
C . Managing internal audit programme:
Incorrect. Managing audits is typically a managerial responsibility, though workers may participate in audits.
D . Determining actions to eliminate hazards:
Correct. Workers' insights are critical in identifying and implementing actions to eliminate hazards (Clause 8.1.2).
E . Determining what needs to be communicated:
Incorrect. While communication strategies impact workers, their participation in determining communication needs is not explicitly required.
F . Establishing OHS policy:
Correct. Workers should be involved in developing policies to ensure relevance and buy-in (Clause 5.2).
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.4: Worker participation.
Clause 6.2: OHS objectives.
Clause 8.1.2: Hierarchy of controls and hazard elimination.
質問 # 33
Which three of the following ISO 45001 activities require the organisation to emphasise non-managerial workers' participation?
- A. Determining how to fulfil legal requirements
- B. Determining controls on outsourced processes
- C. Determining what needs to be communicated
- D. Determining competence requirements
- E. Determining actions to eliminate hazards
- F. Establishing the OHS policy
- G. Establishing OHS objectives
- H. Managing the internal audit programme
正解：E、F、G
解説：
ISO 45001 emphasizes the importance of worker participation, particularly non-managerial workers, in developing and improving the OH&S management system. Clause 5.4 outlines specific areas where their involvement is crucial.
Analysis of Options:
A : Determining competence requirements:
Incorrect. Competence requirements are primarily determined by management but may involve feedback from workers.
B : Determining how to fulfil legal requirements:
Incorrect. Management typically handles compliance with legal requirements.
C : Determining controls on outsourced processes:
Incorrect. This is a management responsibility.
D : Managing the internal audit programme:
Incorrect. Workers participate in audits, but managing the program is a management task.
E : Determining what needs to be communicated:
Incorrect. Communication strategies are usually set by management.
F : Determining actions to eliminate hazards:
Correct. Non-managerial workers' input is vital in identifying and eliminating workplace hazards (Clause 8.1.2).
G : Establishing the OHS policy:
Correct. Workers' participation in policy development ensures it is relevant and inclusive (Clause 5.2).
H: Establishing OHS objectives:
Correct. Workers' participation ensures that objectives are practical and aligned with workplace realities (Clause 6.2).
質問 # 34
You are conducting an ISO 45001 audit of Widgets Inc.., an organization manufacturing machine parts for the aerospace industry, You find a short entry in the incident report file connecting a machine operator who suffered minor injury to his face four weeks ago when a small ribbon of metal hit him while operating his machine.
The subsequent investigation found that he was not wearing the required protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). He was subject to disciplinary action and warned that he would lose his job if it happened again.
Select two option of points of investigation which you would consider in order to determine conformity or nonconformity with clause 10.2 of ISO 45001.
- A. Check whether any corrective actions were taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of recurrence of the Incident.
- B. Determine whether the Health and Safety Authority was notified of the incident
- C. find out whether the operator was sent to the hospital.
- D. Establish whether the Incident Investigation determined the root cause of the Incident
- E. Interview the operator to check if the was wearing the correct PPE.
- F. Find out when the operator's machine was last subject to a maintenance programme.
正解：A、D
解説：
Clause 10.2 of ISO 45001 requires organizations to investigate incidents, determine root causes, and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
Analysis of Options:
A . Check whether corrective actions were taken.
This directly relates to the requirement to implement corrective actions to address the identified risks and hazards. Failure to do so would indicate nonconformity.
B . Determine whether the Health and Safety Authority was notified.
Notification is a legal requirement in certain jurisdictions, but it is not explicitly required under ISO 45001 unless the legal context demands it.
C . Establish whether the root cause was determined.
Root cause analysis is fundamental for effective corrective action. Without this, corrective measures may not address the underlying problem.
D . Find out when the operator's machine was last subject to maintenance.
While maintenance is important, it does not directly address the incident's nonconformity.
E . Find out whether the operator was sent to the hospital.
Sending the operator to the hospital is a reactive step and not relevant to compliance with Clause 10.2.
F . Interview the operator about PPE usage.
This is relevant but insufficient for determining compliance with Clause 10.2.
ISO Reference:
Clause 10.2: Investigation of incidents, determination of causes, and implementation of corrective actions.
Clause 8.1.2: Hierarchy of controls and risk reduction.
質問 # 35
An auditor of a manufacturer of plastic packaging products for the food industry found a nonconformity in an internal audit report raised against section 10.2 of ISO 45001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC3) stated: "The level of reported health and safety incidents has increased by 9.7% over the last 12 months. This included an increase in reported accidents." Against this background, the third-party audit team found more than twenty minor nonconformities during the audit, which they agreed should be combined into one major nonconformity against clause 4.4 of ISO 45001. "The organisation has failed to demonstrate that it is maintaining and continually improving a health and safety management system." Select two options which would represent acceptable corrective actions for the nonconformity.
- A. Top Management developed and is leading a programme to promote an effective culture of support for the OHSMS.
- B. OH&S champions were appointed in each department to report near misses and incidents in the OHSMS.
- C. External consultants were appointed to conduct a gap analysis of the OHSMS and report on the gaps found.
- D. Staff from departments with nonconformities were given regular OH&S safety training sessions during their daily toolbox talks.
- E. Top management initiated a comprehensive review of the internal and external issues to decide on actions that could lead to improving the performance of the OHSMS.
- F. Union representatives of the workers were invited to attend the OH&S management meetings.
正解：A、E
解説：
Clause 4.4 of ISO 45001 requires organizations to establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an OH&S management system. The corrective actions must address systemic issues, involve leadership commitment, and aim to foster a strong safety culture.
Analysis of Options:
A . Top management initiated a comprehensive review of internal and external issues:
Correct. A review of internal and external issues aligns with Clause 4.1 and demonstrates leadership commitment.
B . Union representatives were invited to attend OH&S management meetings:
Incorrect. While participation is valuable, it is not a systemic corrective action.
C . Top management developed and is leading a programme to promote an effective culture of support:
Correct. Promoting a safety culture is a proactive measure and aligns with Clause 5.1 (Leadership).
D . Staff from departments with nonconformities received regular safety training during toolbox talks:
Incorrect. While training addresses specific gaps, it does not address systemic issues.
E . External consultants conducted a gap analysis of the OHSMS:
Incorrect. While helpful, this action does not demonstrate leadership or address systemic improvement.
F . OH&S champions were appointed in each department to report near misses and incidents:
Incorrect. This is a good practice but does not directly address Clause 4.4's requirement for systemic improvement.
ISO Reference:
Clause 4.4: Maintaining and improving the OH&S management system.
Clause 5.1: Leadership and commitment.
Clause 10.3: Continual improvement.
質問 # 36
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更新された検証済みの合格させるISO-45001-Lead-Auditorリアル試験問題と解答：https://www.passtest.jp/PECB/ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor-shiken.html
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