[2024年最新] 完璧CTAL-TTA問題集問題と解答で一年無料最速更新 [Q26-Q48]

[2024年最新] 完璧CTAL-TTA問題集問題と解答で一年無料最速更新

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質問 # 26
Which statement correctly describes service virtualization''
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. It is a service which automatically deploys new versions of the software into the production environment at regular and short intervals
• B. it is an integrated set of tools that will automatically compile, test and deliver into a virtual environment a new build of the product under test
• C. It is a shareable testing service that simulates the behavior, data and performance of a system or service to which the product or component under test would normally be connected
• D. it is a collection of mock objects such as stubs and drivers that will allow a product or component to run without some other product or component that it would normally need

正解：C

解説：
Service virtualization is used in test environments to simulate the behaviors, data, and performance characteristics of dependent systems that are not available for testing due to limitations such as cost, access, or complexity. This allows for more thorough testing of the product under test in a controlled, stable environment that mimics real-world conditions without the need for actual live systems .

質問 # 27
A product risk assessment has revealed the following product risks:
* lack of usability requirements
* security during on-line transactions
* perceived performance of the system and response time from the user interface
* a required availability of almost 100%
To address the 4th risk, which of the following quality characteristics for technical testing should be part of the test approach?

• A. Reliability
• B. Portability
• C. Adaptability
• D. Compatibility

正解：A

解説：
To address the product risk of requiring an availability of almost 100%, the quality characteristic of reliability should be part of the test approach. Reliability testing focuses on the ability of the system to perform under expected conditions for a specified period of time. It is essential for systems that need to be operational continuously or near-continuously. This characteristic encompasses the system's uptime, fault tolerance, recoverability, and the ability to perform under anticipated conditions, all of which are relevant to maintaining high availability.

質問 # 28
Consider the code fragment provided below:

The comment frequency of the code fragment is 13%.
To which non-functional quality characteristic does a good level of comment frequency especially contribute?

• A. Portability
• B. Performance Efficiency
• C. Usability
• D. Maintainability

正解：D

解説：
The comment frequency in a code fragment relates to the number of comments in relation to the code size. A good level of comment frequency can significantly contribute to the maintainability of the software.
Maintainability is a non-functional quality characteristic that refers to the ease with which a software system can be modified to correct defects, update features, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. Comments in the code help developers understand the logic, purpose, and functionality of the code, which is crucial when modifications are required. This does not directly contribute to portability, usability, or performance efficiency, which are concerned with different aspects of the software's operation and user interaction.

質問 # 29
Consider the following section of code:
If ((A > B) or (C > D)) and (E = F) then
print A;
Endlf
Which of the following sets of test data can be used to achieve multiple condition coverage with the least number of tests?

• A. Set 1
• B. Set 3
• C. Set 4
• D. Set 2

正解：D

解説：
To achieve multiple condition coverage with the least number of tests, the selected test data set must cover all possible combinations of the conditions (A > B) or (C > D) and (E = F). Set 2, where each condition has been tested in both true and false states across the minimal test set, is the most efficient way to ensure coverage. It triggers different paths in the code with minimal redundancy, ensuring that each unique path is verified.

質問 # 30
You have conducted static analysis on several new modules for an existing product. You are now executing test cases and are seeing inconsistent problems including crashes. Intermittent error messages are appearing.
Despite all your best efforts, you are not able to find reproducible scenarios to force these errors.
What problem in the code are you likely seeing?

• A. Instrumented code
• B. Undefined variables
• C. Wild pointers
• D. Poor error handling

正解：C

解説：
Experiencing inconsistent problems such as crashes and intermittent error messages that do not have reproducible scenarios likely points to an issue with wild pointers. Wild pointers are pointers that do not point to a valid object of the appropriate type, often due to being uninitialized, pointing to deallocated memory, or having been overwritten accidentally.
* Explanation: Wild pointers can lead to unpredictable behavior because they may point to random or previously freed memory locations, causing the application to crash or behave erratically when these pointers are dereferenced.

質問 # 31
Consider the following fault attack:
* Force all possible incoming errors from the software/operating system interfaces to the application.
Which of the following is the kind of failure you are looking for when using this attack?

• A. Application crashes due to a lack of portability.
• B. Application crashes when the network is unavailable.
• C. Application crashes when unsupported characters are pasted into an input field.
• D. Application miscalculates total monthly balance due on credit cards.

正解：C

解説：
The fault attack described involves forcing all possible incoming errors from software/operating system interfaces. The type of failure being sought is one where the application does not handle erroneous or unexpected input correctly, which can lead to crashes or other unintended behavior. Thus, an application crash when unsupported characters are pasted into an input field is a typical failure that this kind of fault attack would aim to uncover.

質問 # 32
Given the following code:
If x > y and z = 3 statement!
elself z = 4
statement2
endif;
What is the minimum number of tests needed to achieve 100% statement coverage?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

正解：C

解説：
To achieve 100% statement coverage, you need to ensure every executable statement in the code is executed at least once during testing. Given the code:
If x > y and z = 3 statement1 elseif z = 4 statement2 endif;
Two tests are required:
* Test 1: Set x > y and z = 3 to execute statement1.
* Test 2: Set z = 4 (irrespective of the condition x > y) to execute statement2.
With these two tests, both conditions that lead to the execution of statement1 and statement2 are covered.

質問 # 33
A major Caribbean bank typically develops their own banking software using an Agile methodology.
However, for some specific components COTS software is acquired and used. The bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier.
As part of the test approach, portability testing will be performed. Which portability sub-characteristic is especially relevant for the Caribbean bank?

• A. In stall ability
• B. Replaceability
• C. Adaptability
• D. Co-existence

正解：B

解説：
Portability testing is concerned with how well software can be transferred from one environment to another. In the context of a bank using COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software, the sub-characteristic of replaceability becomes particularly relevant. This is because the bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier, meaning it should be able to replace the software with another product without significant effort or operational disruption. Replaceability ensures that if needed, the bank can switch to different software, thereby mitigating the risk of supplier dependency.

質問 # 34
You are testing software that requires you to enter defined order numbers and either add, delete or update the information associated with that order number, which of the following is the minimum set of columns you should see in your keyword-driven input table?

• A. Action, Order ID
• B. Action, Expected Result, Error Message
• C. Order ID. Expected Result
• D. Action, Order ID, Expected Result

正解：D

解説：
For a keyword-driven testing approach involving operations on an order number, the minimal essential columns for the input table would be 'Action', 'Order ID', and 'Expected Result'. This setup supports clearly defined operations (Action) on specific entities (Order ID) and validation against expected outcomes (Expected Result), thereby facilitating structured and efficient testing. This configuration provides the required information for executing actions and verifying outcomes without redundancy or ambiguity.

質問 # 35
Why should security testing include testing for any cross-site scripting vulnerabilities?

• A. Because strings could be entered from the Ul that are too long for the code to handle safely
• B. Because encryption codes could be broken
• C. Because a "man in the middle" could exist
• D. Because potentially malicious code could be inserted into the system

正解：D

解説：
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. This type of security breach can lead to unauthorized access to user sessions or sensitive information and manipulate client-side scripts. Testing for XSS vulnerabilities is critical to ensure that any input received from the UI is appropriately sanitized, preventing malicious code from executing within the system. This is a fundamental aspect of security testing to protect the integrity and confidentiality of user data and system functionality.

質問 # 36
which statement about test automation is TRUE7
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Test automation levels can be influenced by and can constrain the frequency of code deployments
• B. When continuous deployment is fully implemented it will be necessary to automate only unit and integration tests
• C. Test automation will increase the intervals at which continuous deployment to production can be achieved
• D. When continuous deployment is fully implemented there will be no need for manual testing

正解：A

解説：
The true statement about test automation is that test automation levels can be influenced by and can constrain the frequency of code deployments. This reflects the understanding that while test automation can speed up the validation of code changes, enabling more frequent deployments, it also requires that the automation is sufficiently robust to handle the pace and scope of these deployments without becoming a bottleneck.

質問 # 37
Within an embedded software project, the maintainability of the software is considered to be critical. It has been decided to use static analysis on each delivered software component.
Which of the following metrics is NOT a maintainability metric typically used with static analysis?

• A. Number of Lines of Code (LOG)
• B. Number of Function Calls
• C. Comment Frequency
• D. Mean Time Between Failures

正解：D

質問 # 38
A software company based in Spain that develops mobile applications expects many small updates in the future, e.g., due to changing configurations and customer feedback. The company also wants to focus on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects.
Which maintainability sub-characteristic should be covered by the test approach during the initial development?

• A. Re-usability
• B. Modularity
• C. Analysability
• D. Modifiability

正解：D

解説：
In the context of a software company in Spain developing mobile applications with an expectation of many small updates due to changing configurations and customer feedback, focusing on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects is crucial. The maintainability sub-characteristic that should be covered by the test approach during the initial development is Modifiability.
Modifiability refers to the ease with which a software product can be modified to correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. In a scenario where frequent and small updates are anticipated, ensuring that the software architecture and design support easy modification is vital. This not only aids in implementing changes more rapidly but also helps in maintaining the stability and integrity of the application, thereby preventing the introduction of new defects. The focus on modifiability ensures that the software remains responsive to customer feedback and evolving requirements without compromising on quality or performance.

質問 # 39
The following user story has been developed:
As a customer of Alpha Airways who has booked a flight
I want to access the flight reservation
So that I can update the booking details
Which BDD scenario written in Gherkin format correctly applies to this user story?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Given that a customer has booked a flight with Alpha Airways
  When that customer enters their surname AND enters the flight number for this reservation Then the booking details for that flight are displayed
• B. Given that the logged-on user is a customer of Alpha Airways
  When that user enters their surname correctly
  Then they are able to see all flights currently booked so that they can select which flight they want to update
• C. Given that a customer has booked a flight with Alpha Airways When that customer enters the correct surname and flight number for this reservation Then the booking details for that flight are displayed ELSE an appropriate error message is presented D Given that a customer has booked a flight with Alpha Airways When that customer enters their surname and the flight number OR enters their customer ID and the flight number for this reservation Then they are taken to the booking details for that flight so that they can update the booking details

正解：C

解説：
The BDD scenario written in Gherkin format that correctly applies to the given user story is:
Given that a customer has booked a flight with Alpha Airways When that customer enters the correct surname and flight number for this reservation Then the booking details for that flight are displayed ELSE an appropriate error message is presented This scenario directly aligns with the user story by specifying the necessary conditions and outcomes for accessing and updating flight reservation details, ensuring that the scenario correctly captures the functionality described in the user story .

質問 # 40
Which requirements engineering technique would BEST identify how different groups of users may interact with a system, helping to identify gaps and inconsistencies in a user story-' SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Storyboards
• B. Use Cases
• C. Story Mapping
• D. Personas

正解：D

解説：
Personas are the best requirements engineering technique for identifying how different groups of users may interact with a system. This technique involves creating detailed profiles for fictional users that represent different user segments. By exploring these personas, developers and testers can uncover unique needs, behaviors, and potential gaps in the system's design and functionality .

質問 # 41
Consider the simplified logic below for crediting money to a bank account.
Receive money and account number to be credited
IF account number is valid
IF customer account is active
Store current account balance as oldBalance
Credit money to account
IF oldBalance < zero
IF balance now >= zero
Set message "Overdraft cleared"
ELSE
Set message "A/c overdrawn"
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message = "You have more money"
ENDIF
IF account holder is VIP customer
Send message by email to customer
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message "A/c inactive"
Send message by email to supervisor
ENDIF
ELSE
Add 1 to count of invalid inputs
ENDIF
What percentage of decision testing coverage has been achieved by the following suite of test cases?
Test Case A - Account number valid, account is active, oldBalance = -100, balance now = +200, not a VIP customer Test Case B - Account number valid, account is active, oldBalance = -100, balance now = -50, is a VIP customer

• A. 40%
• B. 80%
• C. 60%
• D. 70%

正解：C

解説：
To determine the percentage of decision testing coverage achieved by the given suite of test cases, we need to analyze the decisions and outcomes in the provided logic.
Detailed Analysis
* Identify all decisions in the logic:
* IF account number is valid
* IF customer account is active
* IF oldBalance < zero
* IF balance now >= zero
* IF account holder is VIP customer
* Calculate the number of unique decisions:
* There are 5 unique decision points in the logic.
* Determine the possible outcomes for each decision:
* IF account number is valid 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF customer account is active 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF oldBalance < zero 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF balance now >= zero 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF account holder is VIP customer 2 outcomes (True, False)
Test Cases Analysis
Test Case A
* Account number valid True
* Account is active True
* OldBalance = -100 True (less than zero)
* Balance now = +200 True (greater than zero)
* Not a VIP customer False
Test Case B
* Account number valid True
* Account is active True
* OldBalance = -100 True (less than zero)
* Balance now = -50 False (less than zero)
* Is a VIP customer True
Coverage Calculation
To calculate the decision coverage, we need to see how many of the possible outcomes are covered by the test cases:
* IF account number is valid (True in both A and B, False not tested)
* IF customer account is active (True in both A and B, False not tested)
* IF oldBalance < zero (True in both A and B, False not tested)
* IF balance now >= zero (True in A, False in B, both outcomes tested)
* IF account holder is VIP customer (False in A, True in B, both outcomes tested) Out of the 10 possible outcomes (2 for each decision), the given test cases cover 6 outcomes:
* Account number valid True
* Account number valid False (not covered)
* Customer account active True
* Customer account active False (not covered)
* OldBalance < zero True
* OldBalance < zero False (not covered)
* Balance now >= zero True
* Balance now >= zero False
* Account holder is VIP True
* Account holder is VIP False
Thus, 6 out of the 10 outcomes are covered by the test cases, giving us a decision coverage percentage of:
Decision Coverage=(610)×100%=60%\text{Decision Coverage} = \left(\frac{6}{10}\right) \times 100\% =
60\%Decision Coverage=(106)×100%=60%
References:
* The sample questions and answers provided in the ISTQB CTAL-TTA documentation confirm this calculation method and the expected coverage percentage for similar logical scenarios.

質問 # 42
A project to develop a new system has performance efficiency listed as a critical requirement. Which of the following describes how and when the Technical Test Analyst should FIRST be involved in performance test activities for the new system?

• A. Participating in code reviews that focus on database and component interactions as well as error handling
• B. Assisting the developers in determining CPU utilization for critical components during component testing
• C. Implementing the performance tool's load test scripts, for execution in a production-like environment during system test
• D. Designing an operational profile that does not exceed hardware, software, and network bandwidth test environment budgets

正解：D

解説：
Analysis:
When performance efficiency is a critical requirement, the involvement of the Technical Test Analyst (TTA) is crucial from the early stages of the project to ensure performance goals are met.
Key Activity:
A: Designing an operational profile that does not exceed hardware, software, and network bandwidth test environment budgets:
* This activity involves creating a realistic operational profile that reflects how the system will be used in production. It ensures that performance testing is aligned with actual usage patterns and resource
* constraints. By doing this early, TTAs can identify potential performance issues and make necessary adjustments before development progresses too far.
Explanation of Incorrect Options:
* B: Participating in code reviews that focus on database and component interactions as well as error handling:
* While useful, this is more relevant to ensuring code quality and correctness rather than the first step in addressing performance efficiency.
* C: Assisting the developers in determining CPU utilization for critical components during component testing:
* This is a more detailed activity that follows the establishment of the operational profile and overall performance requirements.
* D: Implementing the performance tool's load test scripts for execution in a production-like environment during system test:
* This occurs later in the testing process, after the operational profile has been designed and the initial performance considerations have been addressed.
References:
The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus highlights the importance of designing operational profiles and understanding resource constraints as initial steps in performance testing.
Sources:
* ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus
* General knowledge on performance testing practices.

質問 # 43
Which of the following test categories would best characterize a test designed to confirm that the data backup tapes stored offsite by a bank can be retrieved and loaded within the business process service level agreement?

• A. Security testing
• B. Hazard testing
• C. Continuity testing
• D. Reliability testing

正解：C

解説：
Testing that focuses on confirming that data backup tapes can be retrieved and loaded within specified service levels is classified as Continuity Testing. This type of testing ensures that business processes can continue after a disruption, such as data loss or system failure.
* Explanation: Continuity testing specifically addresses scenarios where operational capacity must be restored and verified within business continuity planning frameworks, such as disaster recovery processes.

質問 # 44
A new reusable software component that handles sensor management has been developed. It will be used in manufacturing processes that work at SIL 2 and avionics systems where failure could lead to a "major" incident. The code contains no loops but does contain decisions with multiple conditions. Which of the following would be the BEST structure-based testing option for the new software?

• A. Decision coverage
• B. Statement coverage
• C. API coverage
• D. MC/DC coverage

正解：D

解説：
* Context of the Problem:
* The software component handles sensor management.
* It is used in manufacturing processes that work at SIL 2 and avionics systems.
* Failure could lead to a "major" incident.
* The code contains decisions with multiple conditions and no loops.
* Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 2:
* SIL 2 indicates that the software must adhere to stringent safety standards.
* Avionics systems also require high safety standards due to the potential consequences of failure.
* Testing Options:
* MC/DC (Modified Condition/Decision Coverage):
* MC/DC is essential for high-integrity and safety-critical systems like avionics.
* Ensures each condition in a decision has been shown to independently affect the outcome.
* Required by standards such as DO-178C for avionics software at certain levels.
* API Coverage:
* Focuses on testing the interfaces between components.
* Important but not sufficient alone for high-integrity, safety-critical systems.
* Decision Coverage:
* Ensures that each decision point (i.e., if statements) is evaluated as both true and false.
* Less comprehensive than MC/DC for safety-critical applications.
* Statement Coverage:
* Ensures that each statement in the code has been executed at least once.
* Basic level of coverage, insufficient for safety-critical systems like those at SIL 2.
* Best Option:
* Given the high safety requirements (SIL 2, major incident potential), MC/DC coverage is the best option. It provides a thorough level of testing needed to meet safety standards.

質問 # 45
Your team is developing an e-shop application (the SUT) that will use a third-party service to process payments via an API. This third-party payment gateway is itself still under development Which statement contains a pair of benefits that can BOTH be expected from service virtualization in this circumstance' SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Realistic testing of the SUT before the actual payment gateway is available, simplification of the test environment
• B. Parallel compilation, continuous integration, and test automation; more effective configuration management.
• C. Earlier discovery of defects in the SUT; the ability to share code between the SUT and the payment gateway.
• D. Earlier testing of the API, reduction in the amount of test data needed

正解：A

解説：
Service virtualization in the context of developing an e-shop application with an external payment gateway (still under development) offers significant benefits. It allows for realistic testing of the System Under Test (SUT) by simulating the behavior of the still-developing payment gateway, thus enabling testing to proceed without the actual service being available. Additionally, it simplifies the test environment by reducing the complexities associated with integrating and maintaining a live external service during development and testing phases .

質問 # 46
Consider the following section of code:
If ((A > B) or (C > D)) and (E = F) then
print A;
Endlf
Which of the following sets of test data can be used to achieve multiple condition coverage with the least number of tests?

• A. Set 1
• B. Set 3
• C. Set 4
• D. Set 2

正解：D

解説：
To achieve multiple condition coverage with the least number of tests, the selected test data set must cover all possible combinations of the conditions (A > B) or (C > D) and (E = F). Set 2, where each condition has been tested in both true and false states across the minimal test set, is the most efficient way to ensure coverage. It triggers different paths in the code with minimal redundancy, ensuring that each unique path is verified.

質問 # 47
You are part of an agile team creating a user story.
Which of the following requirements engineering techniques would you use to provide a visual representation of the system and help to see the 'overall* story with the functional flow?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Story Mapping
• B. Storyboards
• C. Use Cases
• D. Personas

正解：A

解説：
Story Mapping is an effective requirements engineering technique used in Agile environments to provide a visual representation of the system. It helps in understanding the 'overall' story and functional flow by mapping user stories along a timeline or process steps, laying them out in a two-dimensional structure that represents the product backlog. This technique is particularly useful for visualizing the scope of large features or entire systems, making it easier to plan releases and improve understanding among the team .

質問 # 48
......

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