[2025年06月24日]CTAL-TTA試験問題集でISTQB練習テスト問題
最新でリアルなCTAL-TTA試験問題集解答
質問 # 75
A new web site has been launched for a testing conference. There are a number of links to other related web sites for information purposes. Participants like the new site but complaints are being made that some (not all) of the links to other sites do not work.
Which type of test tool is most appropriate in helping to identify the causes of these failures?
- A. Static analysis tool
- B. Review tool
- C. Hyperlink tool
- D. Dynamic analysis tool
正解：C
解説：
When users complain about issues with links on a website, the most appropriate test tool to identify the causes of these failures is a hyperlink tool (answer B). Hyperlink tools are specifically designed to check the validity of links on web pages. They can automatically identify broken or dead links, which is essential for maintaining the quality and user experience of a website. Review tools, static analysis tools, and dynamic analysis tools do not primarily focus on hyperlink verification.
質問 # 76
A new application for planning journeys on public transport is being developed that will work on mobile devices. Why would you MOST likely include Portability testing in the test plan?
- A. To evaluate the degree to which the system is operational and accessible when required for use
- B. To evaluate the degree to which its components can be used in other systems
- C. To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency in which it can be successfully uninstalled in a specified environment
- D. To evaluate the degree to which it is easy to operate and control
正解：C
解説：
Analysis:
Portability testing evaluates the ease with which software can be transferred from one environment to another.
For a mobile application, portability testing ensures that the application functions correctly across different devices and operating systems.
Key Aspect:
C: To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency in which it can be successfully uninstalled in a specified environment:
* This is an aspect of portability testing that checks whether the application can be correctly and completely removed from a device, ensuring no residual data or configuration is left behind. This is critical for mobile applications that need to be installed and uninstalled on various devices.
Explanation of Incorrect Options:
* A. To evaluate the degree to which it is easy to operate and control:
* This pertains to usability rather than portability.
* B. To evaluate the degree to which its components can be used in other systems:
* This is related to reusability, not portability.
* D. To evaluate the degree to which the system is operational and accessible when required for use:
* This relates more to reliability and availability, not specifically portability.
References:
The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus and standard practices in portability testing emphasize the importance of installation and uninstallation processes for ensuring software can be effectively managed across different environments.
Sources:
* ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus
* General knowledge on portability testing practices.
質問 # 77
Why should security testing include testing for any cross-site scripting vulnerabilities?
- A. Because encryption codes could be broken
- B. Because strings could be entered from the Ul that are too long for the code to handle safely
- C. Because a "man in the middle" could exist
- D. Because potentially malicious code could be inserted into the system
正解：D
解説：
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. This type of security breach can lead to unauthorized access to user sessions or sensitive information and manipulate client-side scripts. Testing for XSS vulnerabilities is critical to ensure that any input received from the UI is appropriately sanitized, preventing malicious code from executing within the system. This is a fundamental aspect of security testing to protect the integrity and confidentiality of user data and system functionality.
質問 # 78
The following characteristics were identified during an early product risk-assessment for a software system:
* the software system needs to manage synchronization between various processes
* microcontrollers will be used that will limit product performance
* the hardware that will be used will make use of timeslots
* the number of tasks supported in parallel by the software system is large and are often highly complex.
Based on the information provided, which of the following non-functional test types is MOST appropriate to be performed?
- A. Security testing
- B. Time-behaviour testing
- C. Portability testing
- D. Maintainability testing
正解：B
解説：
The characteristics listed in the question point towards the need to manage synchronization between processes and make efficient use of limited hardware resources, such as microcontrollers and timeslots. Additionally, the complexity and concurrency of tasks highlight the importance of the software's performance over time.
Time-behaviour testing is the most appropriate non-functional test type to perform in this scenario as it focuses on evaluating the timing aspects of the system, such as response times, processing times, and throughput rates.
It ensures that the system meets its time-related requirements, which is critical for systems reliant on synchronization and limited by hardware performance constraints.
質問 # 79
You are working on an internet banking project. Your company is offering this product to the financial market. For each new customer, some customization will typically be needed. To make the product successful there is a strong focus during development on a reliable and maintainable architecture. To support architectural reviews, a checklist will be developed. Within the checklist specific sections will be attributed to reliability and maintainability.
Which question from the list below should you include in the maintainability section of the architectural review checklist?
- A. Does the password protection of the system adhere to the latest regulations?
- B. Will the system use n-version programming for critical components?
- C. Will the user interface be implemented independently from the other software modules?
- D. Does the system have user-friendly error messages?
正解：C
解説：
In the context of an internet banking project where reliability and maintainability are emphasized, a key factor for maintainability is the modularity of the system. Implementing the user interface independently from other software modules (answer B) can significantly enhance maintainability. This is because it allows changes to be made to the user interface without impacting the underlying business logic or data access layers, making the system more adaptable to change. This kind of separation of concerns is a recognized best practice in software design for maintainability. The other options (A, C, and D) relate more to reliability and security aspects than to maintainability.
質問 # 80
Your team is now accountable for the support and enhancement of a payroll system that has been in production for many years and modified by many different developers. It has been noticed by management that small functional enhancements take much longer than equivalent changes on more recently developed systems. You have been tasked with implementing improved testing approaches that will help to identify the root cause of this problem.
Which of the following is the best technique to apply in this scenario?
- A. Data flow analysis
- B. Exploratory analysis
- C. Orthogonal arrays
- D. Static analysis
正解：D
解説：
Static analysis is the best technique for identifying the root causes of issues in a legacy system where small functional enhancements take disproportionately long to implement. This technique involves examining the code without executing it to detect potential vulnerabilities, coding errors, and complexities. Static analysis can highlight problematic code segments and inefficient coding practices that may contribute to the increased time required for implementing changes, thereby assisting in addressing these systemic issues efficiently.
質問 # 81
Why could test cases need to be refactored in an Agile project?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. To increase the breadth of black box coverage
- B. To maintain bi-directional traceability with the user stories
- C. To ensure that the tests and code remained aligned
- D. To make them easier to understand and cheaper to modify
正解：D
解説：
In Agile projects, test cases may need to be refactored to make them simpler and less costly to modify. This is crucial because Agile methodologies prioritize adaptability and frequent changes to the codebase and documentation. Refactoring test cases in this context ensures that they remain aligned with the continuously evolving project requirements, are easier for teams to manage, and can be quickly adjusted to accommodate new or changed functionality without significant rework costs .
質問 # 82
Your Agile team is developing a web-based system that will allow users to browse and buy online from a store's shopping catalogue. Continuous Integration has been implemented and technically it is working well, running several times per day, but each run is taking almost as much time as the team is prepared to allow. It is clear that after a few more iterations, as the number of tests needed grows with the product, it will be taking too much time.
Which of the four options contains a pair of solutions that will BOTH help to solve this problem?
a.Only include unit and component integration tests in the automated Cl runs.
b.Schedule low priority tests to be the first ones executed in each run, in order to provide rapid build verification.
c.Reduce the extent to which the automated tests go through the user interface, using technical interfaces instead.
d.Reduce the number of Cl cycles run each day.
e.Select a subset of automated tests for the daytime Cl runs, and run as many of the other tests as possible in an overnight cycle.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. c and e
- B. b and d
- C. d and e
- D. a and c
正解：A
解説：
The correct option for addressing the issue of increasing test run times in a Continuous Integration (CI) environment is option C: reducing the extent to which automated tests go through the user interface, and selecting a subset of automated tests for the daytime CI runs while running many of the other tests in an overnight cycle.
* Reducing User Interface Tests: By reducing the extent of tests that go through the user interface (UI) and using technical interfaces instead, you can significantly decrease the time each test takes. UI tests are generally slower due to rendering and user interaction simulations.
* Optimizing Test Scheduling: By selecting only a subset of tests for daytime CI runs and scheduling extensive testing for overnight runs, the team can manage the test load better without compromising the frequency of integration, thus ensuring continuous testing does not become a bottleneck.
This dual approach effectively manages both the execution time of individual tests and the overall test process across the development cycle, maintaining the agility of the CI process without sacrificing the breadth of testing necessary for quality assurance .
質問 # 83
You are working on a new product that will provide an online pizza ordering service. Not everyone wants to create a frequent-eater pizza account, so the user can either log in to their existing account, create an account or proceed as a "guest" user. People with existing accounts have the option to update their accounts including changing address, changing credit card information and changing phone number. New account creation requires the user to enter their address, credit card information and phone number. This information Is validated to be sure the address matches the credit card information.
Once the user logs in, they are able to order their pizza. They can request up to five different pizzas and can select different ingredients on each. A user is allowed to pick up to 10 different ingredients per pizza. They can also select from a pre-defined set of ingredients as follows: "meat lovers", "all veggie', "cheese please', and
"throw it all on".
The busiest day of the year for this product will be the day of the final football game of the professional season. In addition to the normal high load, the company will also be running a special on the "cheese please" pizza (buy 3 get 2 more free). The new product will need to handle a load that Is expected to be twice as high as the load on the old product last year. Given this information, what is an important item that should be addressed In the architectural specification?
- A. Transaction concurrency
- B. Lazy instantiation
- C. Data replication
- D. Caching
正解：A
解説：
Considering the high load expected on the busiest day, particularly with a promotional offer like "buy 3 get 2 more free" on a pizza, addressing transaction concurrency in the architectural specifications is crucial. This ensures the system can handle multiple and simultaneous user transactions efficiently without data loss or service degradation. Proper handling of transaction concurrency is essential to maintain system integrity and responsiveness during peak times, which is a critical requirement for the online pizza ordering system on such a high-traffic day.
質問 # 84
Which of the following is a generic risk factor that the Technical Test Analyst must consider?
- A. Compliance requirements for local disability laws
- B. Errors in the business rules in the specifications
- C. Lack of an oracle for interest calculations
- D. Integration of a new technology into the product
正解：D
解説：
A generic risk factor that a Technical Test Analyst must consider is the integration of new technology into a product. This is because new technologies can introduce complexities and unknowns in performance, compatibility, and security, which can impact the overall quality and reliability of the product. Evaluating such integration risks is crucial for preparing effective test strategies and ensuring that the product meets its intended functionality and quality standards.
質問 # 85
You are working on an internet banking project. Your company is offering this product to the financial market.
For each new customer, some customization will typically be needed. To make the product successful there is a strong focus during development on a reliable and maintainable architecture. To support architectural reviews, a checklist will be developed. Within the checklist specific sections will be attributed to reliability and maintainability.
Which question from the list below should you include in the maintainability section of the architectural review checklist?
- A. Does the password protection of the system adhere to the latest regulations?
- B. Will the system use n-version programming for critical components?
- C. Will the user interface be implemented independently from the other software modules?
- D. Does the system have user-friendly error messages?
正解：C
解説：
In the context of an internet banking project where reliability and maintainability are emphasized, a key factor for maintainability is the modularity of the system. Implementing the user interface independently from other software modules (answer B) can significantly enhance maintainability. This is because it allows changes to be made to the user interface without impacting the underlying business logic or data access layers, making the system more adaptable to change. This kind of separation of concerns is a recognized best practice in software design for maintainability. The other options (A, C, and D) relate more to reliability and security aspects than to maintainability.
質問 # 86
Consider the pseudo code for the Answer program:
Which of the following statements about the Answer program BEST describes the control flow anomalies to be found in the program?
- A. The Answer program contains unreachable code.
- B. The Answer program contains an infinite loop.
- C. The Answer program contains unreachable code and an infinite loop.
- D. The Answer program contains no control flow anomalies.
正解：C
解説：
The provided pseudo code for the Answer program shows a WHILE loop that will always execute because the condition for the loop to terminate (a >= d) is never met within the loop's body. This results in an infinite loop.
Additionally, since the value of 'b' is initialized with 'a + 10' and 'a' starts from a value that is read and then set to 2, 'b' will never be equal to 12. Therefore, the 'THEN' branch of the IF statement, which includes 'print(b)', is unreachable. These are control flow anomalies because they represent logic in the code that will not function as presumably intended.
質問 # 87
A unit test should be isolated Which option correctly describes the meaning of 'isolated' as a characteristic of a unit test?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Whenever it is run under the same conditions, it should produce the same results.
- A. It should test only the code for which it was originally written
- B. It should only test the functionality related to it.
- C. it should provide immediate feedback.
正解：A
解説：
The term 'isolated' as a characteristic of a unit test means that it should test only the code for which it was originally written. This ensures that the unit test is focused, minimizes dependencies on other parts of the codebase, and errors can be traced back to specific units without ambiguity .
質問 # 88
Which of the following is a common technical issue that can result in an automation project failing?
- A. Having to manually plan how to handle software failures in a test automation design
- B. Technical Test Analysts not developing business domain expertise for keyword-driven testing
- C. Not returning the system to a pre-defined state after completing the execution of a suite of automated tests
- D. Automated tests uncovering a higher than expected rate of defects in the software under test
正解：C
解説：
Analysis:
One of the common technical issues that can lead to the failure of an automation project is the improper management of test environments, particularly the failure to reset the system to a known state after tests are executed.
Key Technical Issue:
B: Not returning the system to a pre-defined state after completing the execution of a suite of automated tests:
* Ensuring that the system is reset to a known state after each test run is crucial for maintaining test consistency and reliability. Without this, subsequent tests may produce unreliable results due to residual data or configurations from previous tests.
Explanation of Incorrect Options:
* A: Technical Test Analysts not developing business domain expertise for keyword-driven testing:
* While domain expertise is beneficial, the lack of it is not a primary technical issue that would cause an automation project to fail.
* C: Having to manually plan how to handle software failures in a test automation design:
* Manual planning for handling failures is part of test design and does not inherently cause project failure.
* D: Automated tests uncovering a higher than expected rate of defects in the software under test:
* Finding defects is the purpose of testing and does not represent a failure of the automation project.
References:
The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus and standard practices in test automation emphasize the importance of environment management and maintaining a consistent test state.
Sources:
* ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus
* General knowledge on test automation and environment management.
質問 # 89
A software company based in Spain that develops mobile applications expects many small updates in the future, e.g., due to changing configurations and customer feedback. The company also wants to focus on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects.
Which maintainability sub-characteristic should be covered by the test approach during the initial development?
- A. Re-usability
- B. Modularity
- C. Analysability
- D. Modifiability
正解：D
解説：
In the context of a software company in Spain developing mobile applications with an expectation of many small updates due to changing configurations and customer feedback, focusing on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects is crucial. The maintainability sub-characteristic that should be covered by the test approach during the initial development is Modifiability.
Modifiability refers to the ease with which a software product can be modified to correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. In a scenario where frequent and small updates are anticipated, ensuring that the software architecture and design support easy modification is vital. This not only aids in implementing changes more rapidly but also helps in maintaining the stability and integrity of the application, thereby preventing the introduction of new defects. The focus on modifiability ensures that the software remains responsive to customer feedback and evolving requirements without compromising on quality or performance.
質問 # 90
Which statement about component testing tools and build automation tools is TRUE?
- A. Component testing tools are not used for writing tests at component level but to automate the component testing
- B. Build automation tools allow users to change variable values during execution and step through the code of each component line by line
- C. Build automation tools cannot be used to periodically schedule the builds, for example during the night
- D. In a full continuous integration process, build automation tools are typically used to trigger the builds by every commit to a repository
正解：D
解説：
Analysis:
Understanding the roles and functionalities of component testing tools and build automation tools is crucial for effective software development and testing processes.
B: In a full continuous integration process, build automation tools are typically used to trigger the builds by every commit to a repository:
* This is a fundamental function of build automation tools in continuous integration environments. They automatically trigger builds whenever code changes are committed to the repository, ensuring that the codebase is continuously tested and integrated.
Explanation of Incorrect Options:
* A. Build automation tools allow users to change variable values during execution and step through the code of each component line by line:
* This describes a function of debugging tools, not build automation tools.
* C. Build automation tools cannot be used to periodically schedule the builds, for example during the night:
* This is incorrect as build automation tools can indeed schedule builds at specified times.
* D. Component testing tools are not used for writing tests at component level but to automate the component testing:
* Component testing tools are used for writing and automating tests at the component level.
References:
The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus and standard practices in continuous integration and build automation highlight the role of build automation tools in triggering and scheduling builds.
Sources:
* ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus
* General knowledge on continuous integration and build automation.
質問 # 91
Consider the code fragment provided below:
The comment frequency of the code fragment is 13%.
To which non-functional quality characteristic does a good level of comment frequency especially contribute?
- A. Usability
- B. Performance Efficiency
- C. Portability
- D. Maintainability
正解：D
解説：
The comment frequency in a code fragment relates to the number of comments in relation to the code size. A good level of comment frequency can significantly contribute to the maintainability of the software. Maintainability is a non-functional quality characteristic that refers to the ease with which a software system can be modified to correct defects, update features, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. Comments in the code help developers understand the logic, purpose, and functionality of the code, which is crucial when modifications are required. This does not directly contribute to portability, usability, or performance efficiency, which are concerned with different aspects of the software's operation and user interaction.
質問 # 92
A new system is being built to handle the message handling of financial transactions - this system is critical to the organization's finances. The code includes loops and decisions with several multiple conditions. The nature of the system means that tests are quite time-consuming to execute. Which of the following would be the BEST white box testing option for the new software?
- A. MC/DC coverage
- B. Statement coverage
- C. Decision coverage
- D. Multiple Condition coverage
正解：A
解説：
In a critical system that handles financial transactions with complex logic, ensuring thorough testing coverage is crucial. Here's an analysis of the options:
* A. Multiple Condition coverage: This provides the highest level of coverage by testing all possible combinations of conditions. However, it can be very time-consuming and is often impractical for complex systems due to the sheer number of test cases required.
* B. MC/DC coverage: Modified Condition/Decision Coverage is a compromise between multiple condition coverage and decision coverage. It ensures that each condition within a decision has been shown to independently affect the outcome of that decision. This level of coverage is often required in safety-critical systems because it provides thorough testing without the excessive test case count of multiple condition coverage.
* C. Decision coverage: This ensures that every decision (if statement) has been executed in both true and false directions. While useful, it may not be sufficient for complex systems where the interactions between conditions are critical.
* D. Statement coverage: This ensures that every executable statement in the code has been executed. It is the most basic level of coverage and is generally not sufficient for complex systems, especially those that are critical to an organization's finances.
Given the critical nature of the system and the need for a balance between thoroughness and practicality, the best option is B. MC/DC coverage. This ensures a high level of coverage that is more practical than multiple condition coverage while providing more assurance than decision or statement coverage.
質問 # 93
Which statement correctly describes service virtualization''
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. It is a shareable testing service that simulates the behavior, data and performance of a system or service to which the product or component under test would normally be connected
- B. it is an integrated set of tools that will automatically compile, test and deliver into a virtual environment a new build of the product under test
- C. it is a collection of mock objects such as stubs and drivers that will allow a product or component to run without some other product or component that it would normally need
- D. It is a service which automatically deploys new versions of the software into the production environment at regular and short intervals
正解：A
解説：
Service virtualization is used in test environments to simulate the behaviors, data, and performance characteristics of dependent systems that are not available for testing due to limitations such as cost, access, or complexity. This allows for more thorough testing of the product under test in a controlled, stable environment that mimics real-world conditions without the need for actual live systems .
質問 # 94
You are part of an agile team creating a user story.
Which of the following requirements engineering techniques would you use to provide a visual representation of the system and help to see the 'overall* story with the functional flow?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Story Mapping
- B. Personas
- C. Storyboards
- D. Use Cases
正解：A
解説：
Story Mapping is an effective requirements engineering technique used in Agile environments to provide a visual representation of the system. It helps in understanding the 'overall' story and functional flow by mapping user stories along a timeline or process steps, laying them out in a two-dimensional structure that represents the product backlog. This technique is particularly useful for visualizing the scope of large features or entire systems, making it easier to plan releases and improve understanding among the team .
質問 # 95
Which of the following statements BEST describes how tools support model-based testing?
- A. Random sets of threads of execution are generated as test cases.
- B. Finite state machines are used to describe the intended execution-time behavior of a software-controlled system.
- C. Large sets of test cases are generated to provide full code coverage.
- D. An engine is provided that allows the user to execute the model.
正解：B
解説：
Model-based testing tools support the creation and execution of tests based on models of the system under test. Finite state machines (FSMs) are often used in model-based testing to describe the expected behavior of a system during execution. FSMs help in defining the states of the system and the transitions between these states based on events, which can then be used to generate test cases that validate the system's behavior against the model.
質問 # 96
A component has been analysed during a risk-assessment and rated as highly critical. Which of the following white-box test techniques provides the highest level of coverage and could therefore be used to test this component?
- A. Decision testing
- B. Statement testing
- C. Modified condition/decision testing
- D. Multiple condition testing
正解：C
解説：
Modified condition/decision testing (MC/DC) provides a higher level of coverage compared to other white-box testing techniques because it requires each condition in a decision to be shown to independently affect that decision's outcome. It is more rigorous than both decision testing (which only requires each decision's possible outcomes to be tested) and statement testing (which requires only each executable statement to be executed). Therefore, for a highly critical component, MC/DC is more appropriate as it ensures a more thorough assessment of the logic in the software component.
質問 # 97
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