ASQ Certification CSQEリアル試験問題と無料最新回答2024年10月14日
CSQE究極な学習ガイド
質問 # 70
Which of the following inputs is used in software cost estimation models?
- A. Lines of code
- B. Number of users
- C. Maintenance requirements
- D. Age of the software
正解：A
解説：
Software cost estimation models, such as COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model), commonly use "Lines of Code (LOC)" as a primary input. LOC is a measure of the size of a software program by counting the number of lines in the source code. This metric is essential for estimating the amount of effort and time required to develop the software. Other inputs may include function points and other metrics, but LOC remains a fundamental component in many models. References: Barry W. Boehm's "Software Engineering Economics".
質問 # 71
The use of a rigorous mathematical proof to analyze the algorithm of a software component is a feature of
- A. dynamic analysis
- B. formal methods
- C. boundary value analysis
- D. functional decomposition
正解：B
解説：
Formal methods involve the use of rigorous mathematical proofs to analyze and verify the correctness of algorithms within a software component. This approach provides a high level of assurance in the reliability and correctness of the software by mathematically proving properties of the algorithm or system. Unlike boundary value analysis, functional decomposition, or dynamic analysis, formal methods use mathematical models to verify system behaviors and correctness without executing the system.
質問 # 72
Which of the following metrics would be most appropriate for evaluating how effective the peer review process was for removing defects?
- A. First-pass yield
- B. Requirements volatility
- C. Defect density
- D. Cycle time
正解：C
解説：
Defect density is a metric that measures the number of defects relative to the size of the software component (e.g., per thousand lines of code). It is particularly useful for evaluating the effectiveness of the peer review process in removing defects. By calculating defect density before and after the peer review process, teams can assess how many defects were identified and addressed during reviews. This metric helps in understanding the quality of the code and the effectiveness of the review process in identifying and mitigating defects. Higher effectiveness in peer reviews typically results in lower defect density. Industry practices and standards, such as those from IEEE or ISO, often recommend using defect density as a key quality metric.
質問 # 73
An environmental monitoring software system is required to measure ambient temperature and sound an alarm if the temperature drops below 19 3C or rises above 21 °C. Which of the following observed test results would be an error for this system?
- A. Temperature Display: Cannot measure Alarm Status: Silent
- B. Temperature Display: 20 CC Alarm Status. Silent
- C. Temperature Display: 21 °C Alarm Status Silent
- D. Temperature Display: 15 °C Alarm Status Ringing
正解：C
解説：
The system is designed to sound an alarm if the temperature is below 19°C or above 21°C. Therefore, if the temperature display shows 21°C, the alarm should be ringing. Since option D indicates that the alarm is silent when the temperature is 21°C, this behavior contradicts thespecified requirements, indicating an error.
質問 # 74
Which of the following measures describes the number of independent linear paths through a module?
- A. Cyclomatic complexity
- B. Function points
- C. Defect density
- D. Lines of code
正解：A
解説：
Cyclomatic complexity measures the number of independent linear paths through a module. It is a quantitative measure of the complexity of a program, calculated using the control flow graph of the program. This metric helps in understanding the complexity and potential risk areas within the code.
References:
* McCabe, T. J. (1976). A Complexity Measure. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.
* Pressman, R. S. (2014). Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach (8th Edition).
質問 # 75
Which of the following functions is the first step for effective software configuration management?
- A. Configuration control
- B. Configuration audits and reviews
- C. Configuration status accounting
- D. Configuration item identification
正解：D
解説：
Configuration item identification is the first and foundational step in effective software configuration management (SCM).
* Configuration Item Identification:
* Definition: The process of identifying and defining the configuration items (CIs) within a system, such as software, documentation, and hardware components.
* Foundation: Establishes a baseline for all subsequent SCM activities.
* Importance in SCM:
* Control and Management: Enables precise control and tracking of each configuration item throughout the software lifecycle.
* Baseline Establishment: Provides a reference point for configuration control, status accounting, and audits.
* References: SCM best practices and standards (e.g., IEEE, ISO) highlight configuration item identification as the critical first step to ensure effective control and management of software and related artifacts.
質問 # 76
A strong customer feedback management process primarily helps an organization improve
- A. existing products
- B. profitability
- C. company stock price
- D. software development time
正解：A
解説：
A strong customer feedback management process primarily helps an organization improve existing products.
By systematically collecting, analyzing, and responding to customer feedback, organizations can:
* Enhance Product Quality:Identifying and fixing issues reported by customers.
* Adapt to Customer Needs:Incorporating customer suggestions and requirements into product updates.
References:
* Harvard Business Review on Customer Feedback
* Customer Experience Management: A Revolutionary Approach by Bernd H. Schmitt
質問 # 77
Which of the following software metrics is based on a nominal scale-1
- A. Severing of a defect, critical, major, minor, etc.
- B. Root cause of defect, logic error data definition, etc
- C. Defect discovery rate: number detected per day, etc.
- D. Defect density: number per function point, etc.
正解：B
解説：
Nominal scales are used in measurement to categorize data without any order or priority. They are the simplest form of measurement scale and are used to group items into distinct categories based on names or labels123.
* Root cause of defect (Option A): This fits the nominal scale as it involves categorizing defects based on their root causes, such as logic errors or data definitions. These categories are mutually exclusive and do not have a natural order1.
* Severity of a defect (Option B): This is an example of an ordinal scale, not a nominal scale. The severity levels (critical, major, minor) imply a ranking or order of importance or impact2.
* Defect density (Option C): This metric uses a ratio scale as it involves a quantitative measure (number of defects) relative to the size of the software (function points), which has a true zero point and allows for meaningful comparisons between measurements2.
* Defect discovery rate (Option D): This is also a ratio scale because it measures the rate of defect detection over time (number detected per day), which is a quantitative assessment that allows for arithmetic operations
質問 # 78
During what activity would it be appropriate for a team to use a complexity analyzer0
- A. Test execution
- B. Requirements analysis
- C. Requirements traceability
- D. Test planning
正解：D
解説：
A complexity analyzer evaluates the complexity of the code, typically measured by metrics like cyclomatic complexity, which helps in understanding the number of linearly independent paths through a program's source code.
* Test Planning:
* Complexity Analysis: Identifies complex areas that require more thorough testing.
* Resource Allocation: Helps allocate testing resources effectively based on code complexity.
* Risk Assessment: High complexity often correlates with higher risk and potential for defects.
* Objective: To ensure that the test plan includes adequate coverage for complex code areas, which are more prone to errors.
質問 # 79
Which of the following types of audits is most often based on customer requirements?
- A. Product
- B. Process
- C. System
- D. Quality
正解：A
解説：
Product audits are often based on customer requirements because they focus on verifying that the final product meets the specified requirements and expectations of the customer. The objective is to ensure that the product is fit for its intended use and meets the agreed-upon standards and specifications. This type of audit typically involves examining the product itself, its performance, and its documentation to ensure compliance with customer requirements.
質問 # 80
When performing top-down testing, which of the following tools is used in place of a module that is not yet developed?
- A. Test script
- B. Driver
- C. Hamess
- D. Stubs
正解：D
解説：
Top-down testing involves testing the top-level modules first and progressively integrating and testing lower-level modules.
* Stubs:
* Definition: A stub is a piece of code used to simulate the behavior of lower-level modules that are not yet developed or integrated.
* Functionality: Provides a temporary implementation that allows the top-level module to be tested without the presence of actual lower-level modules.
* Purpose in Top-Down Testing:
* Facilitate Testing: Enables the testing of higher-level modules early in the development process.
* Incremental Integration: Supports the progressive integration of modules as they become available.
* References: Standard software testing practices and methodologies describe the use of stubs in top-down testing as an effective approach to manage incomplete components during early testing phases.
質問 # 81
Which of the following examples is the most appropriate product-level attribute template for a system determined to be safety-critical software?
- A. The system shall react to < type of accident or hazardous condition > by performing < type of action! s)
> - B. < quantity > of user < error type > mistakes made by a < user type or role > per < time unit > under < defined conditions >
- C. The system shall < time out, log out. lock> access to < data, asset, function > after < defined time period
> of inactivity - D. < mean time or average time > for a < defined product or component > to experience < defined failure type > under < defined conditions >
正解：A
解説：
For safety-critical software, it is crucial to specify how the system should react to accidents or hazardous conditions to mitigate risks and ensure safety. This type of requirement directly addresses safety concerns by defining specific actions that the system must take in response to potential safety issues.
質問 # 82
Which of the following activities is part of performing verification and validation on safety-critical features at even' step of the life cycle?
- A. Providing mechanisms for discovering, correcting, and preventing the recurrence of safety' risks
- B. Performing software hazard analysis and determining acceptable levels of safety risks
- C. Documenting software safer.' risk plans that include rigorous development processes
- D. Identifying and mitigating security risks to prevent safety and hazard risks
正解：B
解説：
Performing verification and validation on safety-critical features involves several key activities aimed at ensuring that software functions correctly and safely throughout its lifecycle. One critical activity is performing software hazard analysis and determining acceptable levels of safety risks. This process involves identifying potential hazards that the software could pose and evaluating the risks associated with these hazards. By assessing these risks, teams can establish acceptable safety levels and implement measures to mitigate or eliminate these risks. This activity is fundamental in ensuring that the software meets safety requirements and standards, such as those outlined in safety-critical industry guidelines like ISO 26262 for automotive or DO-178C for aerospace.
質問 # 83
During the design review of several sections (modules) of software, the reviewers find an unusually high number of defects After defect correction and testing, which of the following can be expected of these sections?
- A. They might need less testing than other sections
- B. They will be free of defects.
- C. They might have additional defects.
- D. They will need less test documentation than other sections.
正解：C
解説：
When a section of the software has an unusually high number of defects, even after correction and testing, it is likely that these sections might still contain additional defects. This is based onthe defect clustering principle, which suggests that defects tend to cluster in certain modules of the software. Consequently, these sections require more thorough testing and scrutiny to ensure all defects are identified and resolved.
It is unrealistic to assume that these sections will be free of defects after initial corrections. They often need more comprehensive testing and more detailed test documentation to track and manage the corrections and any subsequent issues that may arise.
References:
* "Software Testing Techniques" by Boris Beizer.
* "The Art of Software Testing" by Glenford J. Myers.
質問 # 84
Which of the following aspects of information systems is disaster recovery primarily concerned with protecting?
- A. Confidentiality
- B. Authorization
- C. Availability
- D. Integrity
正解：C
解説：
Disaster recovery is primarily concerned with ensuring that information systems can continue to operate or be quickly restored to operation after a disaster.
* Objective: The main objective of disaster recovery is to ensure that the system remains available, or can be quickly made available, after an interruption or disaster.
* Key Elements: This involves having backups, redundant systems, and recovery plans that can be quickly executed to restore system functionality.
* Focus on Availability: While integrity and confidentiality are also important, the immediate concern of disaster recovery is to ensure that systems are available to users to maintain business continuity.
質問 # 85
Quality function deployment is defined as a
- A. procedure in which code modules with low defect density are identified for reuse
- B. method that provides a framework for relating product features to customer needs
- C. process in which best practices are distributed throughout all levels of an organization
- D. technique for measuring complex metrics by random sampling of functional units
正解：B
解説：
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method used to translate customer needs (the voice of the customer) into specific product features (technical requirements). It provides a structured approach for defining customer requirements and transforming them into detailed engineering specifications and plans to produce the products that fulfill those needs. QFD uses tools like the House of Quality matrix to ensure that customer requirements are systematically addressed throughout the product development process.References:
* Akao, Yoji. "Quality Function Deployment: Integrating Customer Requirements into Product Design." Productivity Press, 1990.
* Hauser, John R., and Don Clausing. "The House of Quality." Harvard Business Review, May-June
1988.
質問 # 86
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