合格させちゃうASQ Certification CSQE試験簡単かつ正確なPDF問題 [2024年11月14日]
CSQE認証試験問題集解答を提供しています
質問 # 58
Which of the following steps comes first during release planning for waterfall-type projects?
- A. Determine which problems will be corrected in the next release.
- B. Select the set of requirements that will be included in the release.
- C. Define the scope of the software being developed.
- D. Confirm the implemented software meets the specified requirements.
正解：C
解説：
Scope Definition:In the waterfall model, the first step in release planning is to define the scope of the software. This involves understanding what the software is supposed to do, the boundaries of the project, and the major features and functionalities to be included.
Importance of Scope:Defining the scope provides a clear understanding and agreement among stakeholders about what the project will deliver, preventing scope creep and ensuring all parties are aligned.
References:Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) and IEEE standards emphasize the importance of scope definition as an initial phase in project planning.
質問 # 59
During what time period is the software configuration management plan implemented?
- A. After the software product is placed into production
- B. From the requirements phase through the maintenance phase of the software lifecycle
- C. During the code generation phase of the lifecycle
- D. From the requirements phase through the testing phase of the software lifecycle
正解：B
解説：
The software configuration management plan (SCMP) is implemented from the requirementsphase through the maintenance phase of the software lifecycle. This comprehensive approach ensures that all changes to software artifacts are systematically controlled and tracked throughout the lifecycle, from initial requirements gathering, through development and testing, and into maintenance and updates after deployment. Effective configuration management helps maintain consistency, traceability, and control over software changes, which is crucial for maintaining software quality and compliance.
質問 # 60
In lean software development extra features should be identified as
- A. defects
- B. potential re-use elements
- C. an internal cost of quality
- D. waste
正解：D
解説：
A successful internal audit depends significantly on obtaining management's cooperation and support. This ensures that the audit findings and recommendations are taken seriously and that there is a commitment to implementing necessary changes. Reporting deficiencies, completing checklist items, and recommending corrective actions are important, but without management support, these actions may not lead to effective improvements. References: "The Internal Auditing Handbook" by K.H. Spencer Pickett.
質問 # 61
Which of the following roles acts as the final arbitrator for any audit-related issues that cannot be handled at a lower level?
- A. The auditee
- B. The client
- C. Lead auditor
- D. Auditee management
正解：C
質問 # 62
What type of questions should developers ask customers when discussing requirements at the inception of the project?
- A. detail-driven
- B. multiple-choice
- C. context-free
- D. yes/no
正解：C
解説：
Context-free questions are broad and open-ended, designed to elicit a wide range of information from the customer without leading them towards specific answers.
* Open-Ended: These questions do not presuppose any particular solution or requirement, allowing customers to provide a broad perspective.
* Exploratory: They help in understanding the broader context of the project, the business environment, and the goals of the stakeholders.
* Foundation: Context-free questions lay the groundwork for more detailed and specific discussions later in the requirements gathering process.
Examples of context-free questions might include:
* "What is the main goal of this project?"
* "What are the biggest challenges you are facing?"
質問 # 63
The tester should complete which of the following sections of a problem report when documenting a test failure?
- A. Root cause of the problem
- B. Steps to recover from the failure
- C. Steps to reproduce the failure
- D. Problem resolution description
正解：C
解説：
When documenting a test failure, the tester should complete the "Steps to reproduce the failure" section of a problem report. This section is crucial as it provides a detailed account of the actions taken leading up to the failure, allowing developers to replicate the issue consistently. This replication is essential for diagnosing and fixing the problem effectively. Documenting the steps accurately ensures that all relevant information is conveyed, facilitating quicker resolution and better communication within the team.References:
* Kaner, Cem, Falk, Jack, and Nguyen, Hung Quoc. "Testing Computer Software." 2nd Edition, Wiley,
1999.
* IEEE Std 1044-1993, IEEE Standard Classification for Software Anomalies.
質問 # 64
Which of the following individuals on the Change Control Board (CCB) is responsible for escalating change requests and other issues to a higher level CCB or management?
- A. Scribe
- B. Screener
- C. Member
- D. Chair
正解：D
解説：
The Chair of the Change Control Board (CCB) is responsible for escalating change requests and other issues to a higher level CCB or management. The Chair ensures that all changes are properly reviewed and approved, and any significant issues that cannot be resolved at the current level are escalated for further consideration.
質問 # 65
As a side job: a trio of software quality' engineers developed a database management system for XYZ, a non-competing company and subsequently packaged it for commercial sale as DBM Solutions. The engineers supervisor read about the new system in a trade magazine and asked the engineers for their opinion on whether to buy DBM Solutions. What would be the most appropriate way for the engineers to respond to this situation?
- A. Advise XYZ about their company's interest in the software and ask XYZ to make a presentation of the software
- B. Offer to examine the software, evaluate it with respect to the company's requirements, and report on the findings
- C. Explain their role in developing the software and ask to be excused from participating in the purchase decision.
- D. Advise their supervisor to buy the software., based on the fact that the product will meet the company's requirements.
正解：C
解説：
The engineers face a conflict of interest since they developed the software in question. The most appropriate response is to disclose their involvement and recuse themselves from the decision-making process to maintain integrity and avoid any appearance of bias or self-dealing. According to IEEE Code of Ethics, engineers should avoid conflicts of interest and be transparent about any potential conflicts. References: IEEE Code of Ethics, Section III.
質問 # 66
Which of the following testing designs is used to evaluate negative testing?
- A. Fault insertion
- B. Fault-error handling
- C. Boundary analysis
- D. Cause-effect graphing
正解：A
解説：
Negative testing, also known as failure testing, aims to ensure that a system can handle invalid input or unexpected user behavior gracefully. The testing design used to evaluate this includes:
* Fault Insertion:This involves deliberately inserting faults into the system to check how it behaves under erroneous conditions. The goal is to verify that the system can detect, handle, and recover from faults effectively.
References:
* Software Testing and Quality Assurance by Kshirasagar Naik and Priyadarshi Tripathy
* ISTQB (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) guidelines
質問 # 67
Which of the following actions is designed to prevent future defects?
- A. Conducting a causal analysis
- B. Using white-box testing
- C. Applying reverse-engineering to a defective system
- D. Injecting defects to test a system
正解：A
解説：
Causal analysis is a process used to identify the root causes of defects so that these causes can be addressed to prevent future defects.
* Identification of Root Causes: Causal analysis involves techniques like root cause analysis (RCA) to systematically identify the underlying reasons for defects.
* Preventive Actions: Once the root causes are identified, preventive actions can be designed and implemented to mitigate these causes, thereby reducing the likelihood of similar defects occurring in the future.
* Continuous Improvement: Conducting regular causal analysis sessions contributes to continuous improvement in the development process, helping the team learn from past mistakes and enhance their practices.
質問 # 68
Which of the following problem-solving tools is most appropriate for breaking down ideas into progressively greater detail?
- A. Relationship diagram
- B. Affinity diagram
- C. Tree diagram
- D. Matrix diagram
正解：C
解説：
A tree diagram is a tool used to break down broad categories into finer levels of detail. It is particularly useful for:
* Hierarchical Decomposition: Breaking down complex ideas or processes into manageable sub-components.
* Problem Solving: Identifying root causes and exploring solutions systematically.
* Project Planning: Defining tasks and sub-tasks in a structured manner.
The tree diagram starts with a single node and branches out into multiple nodes, each representing a more detailed aspect of the main topic.
References:
* "The Quality Toolbox" by Nancy R. Tague
* "The Memory Jogger II: A Pocket Guide of Tools for Continuous Improvement and Effective Planning" by Michael Brassard and Diane Ritter
質問 # 69
A function point analysis uses counts of which of the following elements^
- A. Executable lines
- B. External inquiries
- C. Data definitions
- D. Physical lines
正解：B
解説：
Function point analysis is a standardized method used to measure the size and complexity of software based on its functionality. It uses counts of specific elements like external inquiries, which refer to the user-initiated requests for information from the system. These are one of the five major components (the others being external inputs, external outputs, internal logical files, and external interface files) considered in function point analysis.
References:
* "Function Point Analysis: Measurement Practices for Successful Software Projects" by David Garmus and David Herron
* "Function Point Counting Practices Manual" by IFPUG (International Function Point Users Group)
質問 # 70
Which of the following is the primary input to functional testing?
- A. Requirements
- B. Source code
- C. Design
- D. Architecture
正解：A
解説：
Functional Testing: Focuses on verifying that the software functions according to the specified requirements.
Requirements: Serve as the primary basis for functional testing, outlining what the system should do.
Design: Used in subsequent stages to ensure the system is built according to requirements.
Source Code: Tested during implementation and unit testing phases.
Architecture: Provides the high-level structure of the system but not the detailed functional behaviors.
Conclusion: The primary input to functional testing is the requirements, as these documents specify the expected functionality and behavior of the system, guiding the creation of test cases and scenarios. This aligns with standard software testing methodologies where requirementsdrive the development of functional test cases.
質問 # 71
A software maintenance release is conducted to deliver new
- A. defect corrections
- B. functionality
- C. software products
- D. features
正解：D
解説：
Outsourcing is a business practice where a company hires an external organization to perform tasks, handle operations, or provide services. One key advantage of outsourcing is that it allows the primary company to focus its resources on its core competencies. By delegating non-core activities to external specialists, the company can concentrate on what it does best, thereby enhancing efficiency, innovation, and competitive advantage in its primary market.
References:
* "The Outsourcing Revolution" by Michael F. Corbett
* IEEE Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), Chapter on Software Engineering Management
質問 # 72
The executive summary of a project management report should emphasize details related to
- A. testing deliverables
- B. completed tasks
- C. risks to the project
- D. stage phase containment status
正解：C
解説：
An executive summary in a project management report is designed to provide a high-level overview of the project status, focusing on the most critical information for executives. It should emphasize:
* Risks to the Project:Highlighting the potential risks helps executives understand the challenges and potential issues that could impact the project. This includes identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks, and outlining mitigation strategies.
References:
* Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Guide
* PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled Environments) methodology
質問 # 73
The use of a rigorous mathematical proof to analyze the algorithm of a software component is a feature of
- A. dynamic analysis
- B. boundary value analysis
- C. formal methods
- D. functional decomposition
正解：C
解説：
Formal methods involve the use of rigorous mathematical proofs to analyze and verify the correctness of algorithms within a software component. This approach provides a high level of assurance in the reliability and correctness of the software by mathematically proving properties of the algorithm or system. Unlike boundary value analysis, functional decomposition, or dynamic analysis, formal methods use mathematical models to verify system behaviors and correctness without executing the system.
質問 # 74
Which of the following statements describes the output from a code coverage monitor?
- A. Lines of code and branches or paths have been executed.
- B. Calculated values are documented, including where the calculations were made.
- C. Lines of code are executed in the correct order.
- D. Data types are manipulated by the correct modules.
正解：A
解説：
A code coverage monitor measures the extent to which the source code of a program is executed during testing. The primary output from a code coverage monitor is an indication of which lines of code, branches, or paths have been executed. This helps in identifying untested parts of a codebase, ensuring more comprehensive testing, and improving overall software quality.
References:
* "Effective Software Testing: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Testing" by Elfriede Dustin
* IEEE Standard 829-2008 for Software and System Test Documentation
質問 # 75
One of the requirements in a software quality plan is to measure the average time software performs without a problem in a production environment during regular business hours under usual workload. This is an example of which of the following quality* attributes?
- A. Reliability
- B. Performance
- C. Availability
- D. Timeliness
正解：A
解説：
Measuring the average time software performs without a problem in a production environment during regular business hours under usual workload is an example of the reliability attribute. Reliability is concerned with:
* System Dependability:The probability that the software will function without failure under given conditions for a specified period.
* Error-Free Operation:Ensuring continuous operation without interruptions.
Reliability is critical for user trust and satisfaction, ensuring that the software consistently meets performance expectations.
References:
* IEEE Standard for Software Reliability
* Software Engineering: Theory and Practice by Shari Lawrence Pfleeger and Joanne M. Atlee
質問 # 76
Which of the following software metrics is based on a nominal scale-1
- A. Root cause of defect, logic error data definition, etc
- B. Defect discovery rate: number detected per day, etc.
- C. Severing of a defect, critical, major, minor, etc.
- D. Defect density: number per function point, etc.
正解：A
解説：
Nominal scales are used in measurement to categorize data without any order or priority. They are the simplest form of measurement scale and are used to group items into distinct categories based on names or labels123.
* Root cause of defect (Option A): This fits the nominal scale as it involves categorizing defects based on their root causes, such as logic errors or data definitions. These categories are mutually exclusive and do not have a natural order1.
* Severity of a defect (Option B): This is an example of an ordinal scale, not a nominal scale. The severity levels (critical, major, minor) imply a ranking or order of importance or impact2.
* Defect density (Option C): This metric uses a ratio scale as it involves a quantitative measure (number of defects) relative to the size of the software (function points), which has a true zero point and allows for meaningful comparisons between measurements2.
* Defect discovery rate (Option D): This is also a ratio scale because it measures the rate of defect detection over time (number detected per day), which is a quantitative assessment that allows for arithmetic operations
質問 # 77
Which of the following steps is taken first when managing earned value metrics?
- A. Analyzing the earned value metric compared to the other metrics to date
- B. Determining the critical resources to be tracked
- C. Calculating the planned value, earned value, and actual value metrics
- D. Allocating the resource budget to individual tasks in the work breakdown structure
正解：B
解説：
The first step in managing earned value metrics is determining the critical resources to be tracked. This is essential because earned value management (EVM) relies on accurate data regarding resources to measure project performance and progress. Identifying which resources (such as labor, materials, and equipment) are critical ensures that the EVM metrics (planned value, earned value, and actual cost) are based on reliable and relevant data, which in turn supports better decision-making and project control.
References:
* "Earned Value Project Management" by Quentin W. Fleming and Joel M. Koppelman
* "A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)" by Project Management Institute (PMI)
質問 # 78
Which of the following lifecycle models would be most appropriate to use if the requirements are well known?
- A. incremental
- B. iterative
- C. spiral
- D. waterfall
正解：D
解説：
The waterfall lifecycle model is most appropriate to use when the requirements are well known and unlikely to change. This model follows a linear and sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next one begins. Because it assumes stable and well-defined requirements, it allows for thorough planning and design upfront, which can lead to a more structured and predictable development process. Waterfall is less flexible in accommodatingchanges compared to iterative or agile models, making it suitable for projects with clear, stable requirements. This approach is detailed in traditional software engineering textbooks and standards such as the IEEE Standard for Developing Software Life Cycle Processes (IEEE 1074).
質問 # 79
The Equity Theory states that for rewards to be motivational they must be distributed
- A. at key milestones
- B. as deserved
- C. based on seniority
- D. based on profit
正解：B
解説：
Equity Theory, proposed by John Stacey Adams, posits that employees are motivated when they perceive that their efforts and rewards are fair compared to others. Here's a detailed explanation:
* Equity Theory Overview: This theory suggests that individuals compare their job inputs (effort, skill, experience) and outputs (salary, recognition) with those of others.
* Perceived Fairness: Employees are motivated when they believe that their rewards are proportional to their contributions compared to others.
* Motivation through Fair Distribution: Fair and deserved rewards reduce feelings of inequity and dissatisfaction, leading to higher motivation and performance.
* Implications in the Workplace: Ensuring rewards are as deserved helps in maintaining morale and reducing turnover.
References:
* "Work and Motivation" by Victor Vroom.
* "Motivation and Work Behavior" by Richard M. Steers and Lyman W. Porter.
質問 # 80
Which of the following sources of information would be most appropriate for a company to use to measure and monitor customer satisfaction?
- A. Market analysis reports that incorporate customer preferences when comparing the features of the company's products with those of its key competitors
- B. Feedback from customers regarding reliability data, especially concerning increases in the mean time to failure in the company's products
- C. Software quality's attributes that have been classified as "critical" by key customers
- D. Comprehensive surveys covering all aspects of the customer experience
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive surveys covering all aspects of the customer experience are the most appropriate source of information for a company to use to measure and monitor customer satisfaction. These surveys provide a holistic view of the customer's interactions with the product and service, covering various dimensions such as product quality, usability, support, and overall satisfaction. By gathering detailed feedback across these areas, companies can identify strengths and areas for improvement, ensuring that customer satisfaction is accurately measured and monitored.References:
* Hill, Nigel, Roche, Greg, and Allen, Rachel."Customer Satisfaction: The Customer Experience Through the Customer's Eyes." Cogent Publishing, 2007.
* ISO 10004:2012, Quality management - Customer satisfaction - Guidelines for monitoring and measuring.
質問 # 81
Which of the following methods is an example of dynamic analysis?
- A. Mathematical proofs
- B. Peer reviews
- C. Piloting
- D. Quality gates
正解：C
解説：
Dynamic analysis involves testing and evaluation of a program by executing data in real-time. Piloting, in this context, refers to a technique where the system is used in a controlled environment to evaluate its performance and functionality under actual operating conditions. This falls under dynamic analysis because it involves running the software to check for issues, as opposed to static analysis methods which involve code review without execution.
Peer reviews and quality gates are static analysis techniques, where the code is inspected without execution.
Mathematical proofs are formal methods that also fall under static analysis.
References:
* IEEE Standard for Software Verification and Validation (IEEE 1012).
* "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach" by Roger S. Pressman.
質問 # 82
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