合格させちゃうISTQB Foundation Level CTFL-AcT試験簡単かつ正確なPDF問題 [2026年01月07日]
CTFL-AcT認証試験問題集解答を提供しています
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質問 # 43
How does ISTQB CTFL test activities relate to the IQBBA FL business analysis and requirements engineering activities?
- A. Business analysts who follow the IQBBA requirements engineering process will not be involved in designing test cases.
- B. Test analysis and test design activities may result in changes of acceptance criteria.
- C. The IQBBA solution evaluation phase precedes the ISTQB test implementation and test execution activities.
- D. Business analysts and tester have to decide, whether they follow the IQBBA or ISTQB lifecycle processes, because they exclude each other.
正解：B
解説：
The relationship between testing and requirements engineering is iterative and collaborative. According to ISTQB CTFL and IQBBA FL syllabi, test activities such as test analysis and test design involve reviewing and interpreting acceptance criteria to derive test conditions and test cases. During this process, testers may identify ambiguities, conflicts, or missing acceptance conditions. These insights often result in feedback to business analysts or stakeholders, leading to refinement or changes in the acceptance criteria to ensure clarity, completeness, and testability.
This iterative feedback loop is essential in both Agile and traditional lifecycles. Therefore, option D is correct.
It reflects the dynamic interaction between requirements and test design, where improving one often improves the other.
Other options are incorrect:
Option A falsely assumes business analysts don't engage in test design, while in practice, they collaborate closely with testers.
Option B incorrectly suggests that IQBBA and ISTQB lifecycles are mutually exclusive. In fact, they complement each other.
Option C is incorrect in sequencing. In reality, solution evaluation (IQBBA) follows test execution, not precedes it.
Exact Reference - ISTQB CTFL Acceptance Testing Syllabus (Section 1.3.2):
"During test analysis, inconsistencies or missing information in the acceptance criteria can be identified and addressed through collaboration with business analysts."
質問 # 44
During usability testing, the ergonomic of the products shall be checked. Which one of the following usability testing techniques matches this test objective BEST?
- A. Biometrics - based evaluation
- B. Walkthrough
- C. Log file analysis
- D. Checklist-based evaluation
正解：D
解説：
Usability testing aims to evaluate the ease of use, efficiency, and satisfaction with which users can achieve tasks. When checking the ergonomics (e.g., layout, visual clarity, interaction comfort), checklist-based evaluations are particularly useful.
Option A is correct because a checklist of ergonomic/usability heuristics (e.g., Nielsen's heuristics, ISO 9241 standards) allows evaluators to systematically assess whether the interface meets established usability criteria.
Other options:
B (Biometrics-based evaluation) tracks physiological responses (e.g., stress or eye movement), which are useful but indirect and less targeted to ergonomic checks.
C (Walkthroughs) help assess usability by observing task flows, but they are less focused on layout and ergonomic design.
D (Log file analysis) captures behavior but not directly ergonomic issues like spacing, font size, or element alignment.
A). Checklist-based evaluation
質問 # 45
Suppose you are testing a new professional exam support system. As input the system takes two grades from two exams. For each exam the possible grade is 0 or 1 point. As output the system returns a single string - the decision about the entitlements: if the total score is 2, the candidate receives full entitlements. If the total score is 1, she receives partial entitlements. If the total score is 0, the candidate fails and receives no entitlements.
Which of the following is the correct Decision Model and Notation (DMN) model for this situation?
- A. Option A
- B. Option C
- C. Option B
- D. Option D
正解：A
質問 # 46
Which one of the following sentences describes BEST a major advantage when business analysts and testers review the acceptance criteria together?
- A. The review of acceptance criteria is a good practice to improve the quality of test reports.
- B. A shared vision between the business analyst and the tester on acceptance criteria facilitates the design of acceptance test cases.
- C. The review of acceptance criteria helps to verify that acceptance test cases cover business processes, business rules and business risks.
- D. A joint review ensures that non-functional quality criteria are taken into account.
正解：B
質問 # 47
Why can it be a good practice to draw business process models that only partially cover the behavior of related software systems?
- A. The model should focus on what is to be tested
- B. They should be exactly one model per requirement
- C. The model will contain too many model elements
- D. It is impossible to describe the complete workflow
正解：A
解説：
In business process modeling for testing purposes, especially in acceptance testing, it is not always necessary or practical to model the entire system or process in exhaustive detail. ISTQB and the CTFL-BAT (Business Analysis Testing) extension emphasize that test models - including business process models - should serve specific testing objectives.
Focusing the model on what needs to be tested allows the test team to:
Avoid unnecessary complexity,
Highlight relevant paths and decisions,
Derive precise and efficient test cases,
Facilitate stakeholder understanding and validation.
According to the ISTQB Foundation Level Extension - Business Analysis syllabus:
"Process models used in testing should represent the business behavior relevant to the test scope. Including too many irrelevant paths and decisions can lead to inefficient test case design and may distract from the core validation goals." Therefore, Option A is correct because limiting the scope of the business process model to the parts that are relevant for testing is a best practice, especially in acceptance testing where focus is on verifying that business needs are met.
Options B, C, and D are not strong justifications:
B suggests avoiding complexity but not purpose-driven modeling.
C incorrectly implies impossibility rather than pragmatic scope.
質問 # 48
Which one of the following statements about the relation between business goals, business needs and requirements is true?
- A. Business goals, business needs and requirements describe, at different levels of abstraction, what shall be archived
- B. Business requirements are generally developed by refining product requirements.vhbj
- C. Business goals can be extracted from product requirements
- D. Once the business requirements are elicited, business analysts start to formalize business goals for the project.
正解：A
解説：
The relationship between business goals, business needs, and requirements is hierarchical and reflects increasing levels of specificity:
Business Goals: High-level strategic objectives.
Business Needs: Problems or opportunities that must be addressed to achieve those goals.
Requirements: Specific capabilities or conditions the system must satisfy to meet the needs.
Option B is correct because it accurately describes how these elements relate at different abstraction levels in the requirements hierarchy. This relationship is fundamental to business analysis and accepted by standards like BABOK and ISTQB.
Other options:
A is reversed - business goals usually precede and drive the elicitation of requirements.
C and D misrepresent the sequence - product requirements are derived from business goals and needs, not the other way around.
B). Business goals, business needs and requirements describe, at different levels of abstraction, what shall be achieved
質問 # 49
What is considered as good practice regarding business process modeling?
- A. Links to requirements or risks should be well separated from the workflow description.
- B. Business analysts should finalize their process models before showing them to acceptance testers.
- C. Keeping all model element in one diagram considerably improves the readability of BMPN models.
- D. BPMN diagrams and DMN tables should include information such as traceability to user stories.
正解：D
質問 # 50
Which one of the following arguments is the BEST reason to add additional information to BPMN diagrams?
- A. Links to requires test equipment facilitate test case reviews of stakeholders
- B. Link to requirements / user stories enable testers to execute the tests
- C. Link to risks provide input to testers for selecting regression tests
- D. Link to priorities help test case authors to write comprehensive test cases
正解：C
解説：
In BPMN models, additional annotations such as links to requirements, test data, or risks improve the value of the diagram for downstream stakeholders like testers. When BPMN tasks or flows are linked to known risks, testers can prioritize regression test cases accordingly - a key principle in risk-based testing.
Option D is correct because linking risks to business processes gives testers meaningful input for deciding which parts of the system require deeper or repeated testing.
Other options:
A: Priority links are useful, but less impactful than risk-based test selection.
B: Links to test equipment are not commonly embedded in process diagrams and are more relevant to hardware or system integration testing.
C: Linking to requirements helps traceability, but execution readiness is more closely tied to test cases and data than to BPMN.
D). Link to risks provide input to testers for selecting regression tests
質問 # 51
Which one of the following scenarios is MOST likely to be encountered in the context of performance testing?
- A. Parameter fuzzing is performed to check the systems robustness against user voluntary or involuntary user misbehavior
- B. Usage profiles are used to cover the different configurations the system may be exposed to during operation
- C. Different workflows and use cases are performed to ensure correct performance for all user scenarios.
- D. The system is stressed by simulating various users that perform memory- intensive tasks
正解：D
解説：
Performance testing evaluates how a system behaves under specific conditions, including load, stress, and endurance. Stress testing, in particular, involves pushing the system beyond its normal operational limits to identify breaking points.
Option B is correct because it describes a classic stress testing scenario: simulating users executing memory- intensive operations to evaluate system resilience and resource management.
Other options:
A describes usage profiles but is more aligned with load testing or configuration testing.
C refers to functional coverage, not performance-specific concerns.
D describes fuzz testing, which is used more for security or robustness testing than performance evaluation.
B). The system is stressed by simulating various users that perform memory-intensive tasks
質問 # 52
As an acceptance tester you want to test the $100 withdrawal process described by the following Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) model.
You would like to achieve the following coverage criterion "execute all possible process tasks". Consider the following test cases:
Test 1: balance = $100, receipt = YES
Test 2: balance = $120, receipt = NO
Test 3: balance = $85
Test 4: balance = $20, receipt = YES
Which of the following is the minimal set of test cases allowing to achieve required coverage?
- A. Test 1, Test 2, Test 3
- B. Test 1, Test 2, Test 4
- C. Test 2, Test 4
- D. Test 1, Test 3
正解：D
質問 # 53
Suppose you are testing a new professional exam support system. As input the system takes two grades from two exams. For each exam the possible grade is 0 or 1 point. As output the system returns a single string - the decision about the entitlements: if the total score is 2, the candidate receives full entitlements. If the total score is 1, she receives partial entitlements. If the total score is 0, the candidate fails and receives no entitlements.
Which of the following is the correct Decision Model and Notation (DMN) model for this situation?
- A. Option C
- B. Option B
- C. Option A
- D. Option D
正解：D
解説：
Decision Model and Notation (DMN) is a standardized approach used to model decision logic, often represented in decision tables that evaluate inputs and determine outputs. In this scenario, the entitlements granted to a candidate are based on the total score from two exams, where:
Each exam can be graded as either 0 or 1.
The combined score can be 0, 1, or 2.
The entitlements depend on the combined result:
0 # No entitlements
1 # Partial entitlements
2 # Full entitlements
Among the given diagrams:
Option A simply lists test cases but lacks explicit logic modeling.
Option B shows a mapping from total score to entitlements but doesn't model how the total is derived from the two exams.
Option C redundantly splits outputs into multiple Boolean fields and doesn't reflect how the decision is made from exam inputs.
Option D is the correct representation.
Option D uses:
e1 and e2 as inputs for Exam #1 and Exam #2.
Result as the sum of e1 + e2.
A final Output mapped based on the Result:
0 # No
1 # Partial
2 # Full
This structure accurately follows the DMN standard by expressing inputs, a derived result, and the corresponding decision output, making Option D the correct and most complete decision model.
Exact Reference - ISTQB CTFL Acceptance Testing Syllabus (Section 2.3):
"Decision tables are commonly used to express business rules that determine outputs based on combinations of inputs. DMN formalizes this structure to support automated reasoning."
質問 # 54
Which one of the following statements describes the collaboration between business analysts and testers BEST?
- A. Business analysts usually cannot review acceptance tests, because they do not understand the technical details.
- B. Testers participate in identifying business needs of stakeholders to better understand the business needs and related requirements.
- C. Business analysts collaborate on test planning and risk analysis to ensure that further on, appropriate test cases are developed and prioritized.
- D. Once the requirements and acceptance criteria have been defined, business analysts are no longer involved in testing activities.
正解：C
質問 # 55
As an acceptance tester you want to test the $100 withdrawal process described by the following BPMN model.
You would like to achieve decision coverage. Consider the following test cases: Test 1: balance = $100, receipt = YES Test 2: balance = $99 Test 3: balance = $120, receipt = NO Test 4: balance = $2500, receipt = YES Which of the following is the minimal set of test cases allowing to achieve full decision coverage?
- A. Test 1, Test 2, Test 3
- B. Test 1, Test 2, Test 4
- C. Test 1, Test 2
- D. Test 2, Test 3
正解：C
解説：
The goal here is to achieve full decision coverage (also known as branch coverage), which means each decision point in the process must evaluate to both TRUE and FALSE at least once during testing.
From the BPMN ATM withdrawal model, we identify two key decisions:
Is the balance # $100?
If yes, is receipt = YES?
To achieve full decision coverage:
One test must evaluate decision 1 as TRUE and another as FALSE.
If decision 1 is TRUE, then decision 2 must be exercised both ways (receipt = YES and NO), but for minimal decision coverage, one path through decision 2 is enough.
Analyzing test cases:
Test 1 (balance = $100, receipt = YES): decision 1 = TRUE, decision 2 = TRUE Test 2 (balance = $99): decision 1 = FALSE These two tests ensure:
Decision 1 evaluated TRUE (Test 1) and FALSE (Test 2)
Decision 2 evaluated at least once (receipt = YES in Test 1)
Thus, Test 1 and Test 2 form the minimal set for full decision coverage.
Other options:
C and D are redundant for the minimal set.
A includes an extra test not needed for minimal decision coverage.
質問 # 56
Which one of the following combinations of given perspective and statement matches BEST?
- A. From a technical perspective, the number of concurrent user and the types of transactions performed are major elements.
- B. From a user perspective, missing feedback from the system when processing a request it is a problem.
- C. From a business perspective, the choice of performance test tools strongly depends on the applied test techniques.
- D. From a business perspective, computing power and architecture are major parameters for fine- tuning the system.
正解：B
解説：
In usability and user experience, system feedback is critical. Users expect clear, timely responses from the system to confirm their actions are received and processed. Lack of feedback (e.g., when clicking a button yields no visual response) leads to confusion, frustration, or repeated actions.
Option B is correct because it highlights a genuine issue from a user's perspective - inadequate feedback, which affects usability and satisfaction.
Other options:
A focuses on technical infrastructure (architecture, computing power) - a technical or business concern, but less so from a user's lens.
C is mostly correct but fits the technical or test engineer's perspective rather than the user's.
D is inaccurate - selection of performance tools is primarily a technical/test management decision, not business-driven.
B). From a user perspective, missing feedback from the system when processing a request is a problem.
質問 # 57
Which of the following statements corresponds BEST to a UX requirement analysis activity?
- A. Environmental conditions such as light conditions are obtained from a task analysis.
- B. Security requirements are derived from usage scenarios.
- C. User profiles are used to determine different levels of business knowledge.
- D. Personas are used to analyze products or solutions from competitors.
正解：C
質問 # 58
Your company wants to establish a new human resources management application. As tester, you propose to use an ATDD approach and to use business process models for test case design.
Which of the following statements is the LEAST meaningful argument for this approach?
- A. Business process models will make it easier to detect defects in the application code.
- B. The process models will help testers to understand the use cases to be tested.
- C. As business process models will be updated to maintain the tests, they will be a living documentation of the product.
- D. Testers will be able to show test coverage directly within the graphical representation of business processes.
正解：A
質問 # 59
Which of the following reasons explains BEST why it makes sense to review test reports?
- A. Test automation engineers may misunderstand the test case and implement test scripts that miss the target
- B. If the test reports are unclear or incomplete, the decision to release the product can be base on non reliable information
- C. The test report quality significantly influences the impression third parties get from the organization / the product.
- D. Like all humans, the tester can make mistakes and overlook important acceptance criteria of a requirement / user story
正解：B
解説：
Test reports summarize the results of test execution and are often used by stakeholders, including business owners and release managers, to make informed decisions about whether to release a product. If these reports are ambiguous, incomplete, or inaccurate, the decisions based on them could be flawed, leading to reputational damage, customer dissatisfaction, or regulatory issues.
Option A is correct because it highlights the risk of basing critical go/no-go decisions on poor-quality reporting.
Other options:
B describes a problem with test case implementation, not test reporting.
C mentions public perception, which might be influenced by report quality, but it is secondary to the internal decision-making purpose.
D refers to human error during test execution or design, not the purpose of reviewing test reports.
A). If the test reports are unclear or incomplete, the decision to release the product can be based on non-reliable information
質問 # 60
Which one of the following statements regarding performance testing is MOST correct?
- A. The performance test results serve to determine hardware and software performance requirements.
- B. The performance of the system is measured in a context that reflects, as far as possible, representative operating conditions.
- C. Performance testing aims to determine a system's robustness against malicious attacks.
- D. Depending on the model used to simulate the workload, performance tests are called load, stress or endurance / stability tests.
正解：D
解説：
Performance testing assesses how a system behaves under specific conditions, typically focusing on responsiveness, stability, and resource usage. The type of performance test depends on the workload model:
Load testing evaluates performance under expected peak usage.
Stress testing pushes the system beyond its capacity to assess limits.
Endurance/stability testing checks for performance degradation over extended periods.
Option A correctly describes that performance test types are determined by the workload simulation strategy.
Other options:
B confuses performance with security testing - malicious attack robustness is a security focus, not performance.
C is partly correct but less comprehensive than A. While testing should simulate realistic conditions, categorization into stress/load/endurance is better aligned with workload modeling.
D is misleading - performance tests validate systems against performance requirements; they are not primarily used to define them.
A). Depending on the model used to simulate the workload, performance tests are called load, stress or endurance / stability tests.
質問 # 61
Which one of the following test design techniques fits accepting testing purposes BEST?
- A. static code analysis
- B. input validation
- C. equivalence partitioning
- D. defect-based test design
正解：C
質問 # 62
Which of the following is the BEST example of a Gherkin-style test for a web-based banking application?
- A. GIVEN I have $5000 on my personal account X and $600 on my personal account Y WHEN I transfer
$500 from Y to X
THEN I should have balance $4500 on X and balance $1100 on Y - B. GIVEN I have $5000 on my personal account X WHEN I have $600 on my personal account Y THEN I have $5600 in total on my personal accounts X and Y
- C. GIVEN I have $5000 on my personal account X AND I have $200 on my personal account Y WHEN I click 'Make transfer' button AND I enter '3000' into 'Amount' field AND I enter 'X' into 'From which account' field AND I enter 'Y' into 'To which account' field AND I click 'Confirm transaction' button THEN I should have balance $2000 on my personal account X AND I should have balance $3200 on my personal account Y
- D. GIVEN I have $5000 on my personal account X AND I have $200 on my personal account Y WHEN I transfer $1000 from X to Y THEN I should have balance $4000 on my personal account X AND I should have balance $1200 on my personal account Y
正解：D
解説：
The best Gherkin-style acceptance tests are business-oriented, behavior-driven, and avoid unnecessary technical or UI details. They describe actions in a way stakeholders can understand, focusing on system behavior rather than implementation mechanics.
Option A follows Gherkin conventions:
GIVEN clearly describes the system state (account balances).
WHEN describes a user action (transferring funds).
THEN describes a verifiable outcome (account balances updated correctly).
Option B includes unnecessary UI actions like clicking buttons or field names, which are implementation- specific and violate the abstraction level expected of acceptance tests.
Option C uses appropriate structure but introduces incorrect balances in the THEN step (possibly a typo;
$4500 on X is wrong if funds were transferred from Y to X).
Option D uses improper syntax - WHEN is misused as another GIVEN, and THEN describes a computation rather than a system behavior.
Exact Reference - ISTQB CTFL Acceptance Testing Syllabus (Section 2.2.2):
"Acceptance criteria in BDD are best captured through Gherkin scenarios that are understandable by business stakeholders and focus on expected outcomes, not implementation details."
質問 # 63
Assume you are testing functionality of the interface of an elevator. One of the requirements is that the elevator can work only if the total weight of the passengers does not exceed 200 kg. The elevator can reach the following floors: Ground Floor, 1st floor and 2nd floor. You want to create an acceptance test using the Gherkin language. You can use the following phrases for this purpose:
i.the total weight of passengers is greater than 200 kg
ii.the elevator is on the Ground Floor
iii.a button '1st floor' was pressed
iv.the elevator goes to the 1st floor
v.a passenger standing at the 2nd floor calls the elevator
vi.a message 'too many passengers' is displayed on the screen
Which of the following statements correctly matches constructs of Given/When/Then with a relevant phrase in order to create a correct test case for the given requirement?
- A. GIVEN ii)
WHEN i)
THEN vi) - B. GIVEN iii)
WHEN ii)
THEN iv) - C. GIVEN ii)
WHEN v) AND vi) THEN i) - D. GIVEN ii)
WHEN iv)
THEN v)
正解：A
質問 # 64
Which one of the following statements describes correctly how acceptance testing may be augmented with other test techniques or approaches?
- A. In a risk-based testing approach, acceptance criteria are derived from the tester's experience and intuition.
- B. In a priority-based testing approach, prioritization of acceptance tests depends on identified product risks.
- C. In a model-based testing approach, acceptance tests are generated from graphical or textual models.
- D. In a black-box testing approach, acceptance test scenarios follow the implemented sequence of function calls in the code.
正解：C
解説：
Model-Based Testing (MBT) is a test design technique in which test cases are derived from a model that describes some aspects of the system's behavior. In the context of acceptance testing, MBT can be used to generate high-level acceptance test cases automatically from business process models, use case diagrams, state models, or decision tables.
Option A is correct because MBT supports the systematic generation of acceptance test cases from these models, enabling better coverage of business rules and workflows while maintaining traceability to the requirements.
Other options:
B is close but slightly off: prioritization of acceptance tests in a priority-based approach depends on business value or stakeholder-defined priorities, not strictly on product risks.
C is incorrect. Risk-based testing relies on structured risk assessment, not just intuition or experience.
D is false. Black-box testing focuses on inputs and outputs without referencing the internal structure (such as function calls), which is characteristic of white-box testing.
Exact Reference - ISTQB CTFL Acceptance Testing Syllabus (Section 2.3):
"Model-based testing can be used to generate acceptance test cases systematically based on models representing business processes or system behavior."
質問 # 65
Which of the following activities is most likely performed by the business analyst as part of defect analysis?
- A. Identify the requirements / user stories that are not satisfied.
- B. Assess the impact of corrective actions on other parts of the system's implementation.
- C. Analyze the function that failed step by step to identify the cause of the defect.
- D. Check, whether other paths in the business process model perform as intended.
正解：A
質問 # 66
As a tester you participate in the project of the decision support system for granting a loan. You are asked to review the acceptance criteria for the following requirement:
REQ 3.28. The automated system records critical credit application data (CCAD. needed to support application screening.
Assume that it is well known what kind of data CCAD are. Which of the following would be the BEST example of an acceptance criterion for this requirement?
- A. The process for collecting CCAD meets corporate usability guidelines.
- B. The CCAD record process is quick and reversible.
- C. The CCAD are stored in the MySQL relational database after each successful data entry procedure.
- D. The CCAD is not recorded if it is incomplete and a message is displayed.
正解：D
質問 # 67
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